Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Several PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its overall effective population is only 20%, and even in studies of enriched populations (such as PD-L1 ≥ 50%), its single-drug effective rate is only about 40%. Therefore, this study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy in combination with bronchoscopy-assisted lnterventional therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced central non-small cell lung cancer. We conducted a randomized controlled, prospective clinical trial to examine the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, chemotherapy, in combination with bronchoscopy-assisted interventional therapy vs anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody in combination with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of patients with advanced central NSCLC.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality. Most patients with lung cancers are already in advanced stages when diagnosed, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced lung cancer is less than 5%. Therefore, exploring effective treatments is of great significance for improving the survival and quality of life of patients with lung cancer. Immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors has received widespread attention in the field of lung cancer, and several PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).However, its overall effective population is only 20%, even in studies of enriched populations (such as PD-L1 ≥ 50%), its single-drug effective rate is only about 40%. Therefore, this study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy in combination with bronchoscopy-assisted interventional therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced central non-small cell lung cancer. We conducted a randomized controlled, prospective clinical trial to examine the efficacy, safety and mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy in combination with bronchoscopy-assisted interventional therapy versus anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody in combination with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of patients with advanced central NSCLC.

Inclusion Criteria:

1) Patients volunteer to participate in clinical studies and sign an informed consent (ICF), and are willing to follow and able to complete all trial procedures.

2)18-75 years of age 3) All patients included are diagnosed with lung cancer detected by fibrous bronchoscope or percutaneous lung puncture biopsy, and are confirmed as NSCLC by Immunohistochemistry.

4) Obstruction-type central lung cancer that cannot be surgically removed. 5) Patients without EGFR, ALK, and ROS mutation. 6) Patients have not previously received systemic treatment for phase IV NSCLC or patients receiving the adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for more than 6 months before the diagnosis of phase IV NSCLC.

7) Within 4 weeks, at least one measurable lesions are required for researchers to evaluate in accordance with RECIST 1.1 requirements.

8) Appropriate tumor tissues for PD-L1 expression level determination are required.

9) Relevant laboratory tests indicate tolerance for chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bronchoscopy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with uncertain diagnosis.
2. Non-central NSCLC patients.
3. Patients with contraindications to chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
4. Bronchoscopy is contraindicated in patients.
5. Patients have other active malignancies. Patients with cured limited tumors, such as skin substrate cell carcinoma, skin squamous cancer, superficial bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of prostate, carcinoma in situ of cervix, and breast in-place cancer, can be included.
6. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
7. Patients with infection of active tuberculosis.
8. Patients have received a live vaccines within 28 days of the first drug use. Patients receiving inactivated viral vaccines to treat seasonal influenza are allowed, but inactivated live influenza vaccines with intracn nasal drugs are not allowed.
9. Pregnant or lactating women.
10. Patients have a known history of psychosophedic substance abuse or drug abuse;
11. The researchers determined that there may be other factors that might have contributed to the early termination of the study.

De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this article will be shared upon reasonable request, together with the data dictionary, study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and analytic code.

Beginning 3 months after publication and ending 5 years after publication.

Data will be available to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Requests should be directed to the corresponding author. Access will be subject to institutional review and execution of any required data access agreement.