The following research project is being carried out following the 2010 Consort Declaration (32)
- Ethical considerations: Declaration of Helsinki. Access to the data of the research subjects in order to guarantee their confidentiality according to national regulations and international recommendations .
- Sample selection In case of natural phenomena, health emergency and the population cannot continue, another population will have to be found. Biosecurity in Sarv-cov2.Recommendations for the Treatment of Pit and Fissure Sealants (36-38)
- Data collection techniques: Phase 1. Coordination with the Ethics and Parental Authorization Committee The Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Daniel Alcides Carrión UNMSM will give us the first pass. Letters of invitation will be made and they will be distributed in class through the teachers, and each student will take it home to deliver to their parents or guardians; Each letter (envelope) will have the informed consent (Annex 1), the informed consent (Annex 2), data record sheet (Annex 3) and an informative bulletin (Annex 4) where it explains all the procedure that will be carried out for each participant, there will also be an informative talk at the school for parents and teachers, where they will be informed about the study and will collect the envelopes. Research will not force any child to participate; each will have the option of choosing to participate in the study by verbal assent. A report will be delivered to the parent or guardian of the child after the intervention. Informed consent process Researcher 1 will give an informative talk about the study and will collect the envelopes containing the informed consent, informed consent and data record sheet). Students and parents who accept participation will receive a summons for subsequent dental visits (Annex 5). It will collect the consents signed by both parents / guardians and in the event that the signature of one of the parents cannot be obtained either due to impossibility (death, difficulty in obtaining the signature, absence and reasons of personal strength)(39)Only the signature of one will be accepted to give consent; and informed assent if the child reports that he understands and is mature enough to understand(39). Diagnostic Process Assistant 1 will be in charge of bringing the students for their dental check-up and will also provide the materials to operator 1 who will do the oral hygiene and prophylaxis index procedure. Afterwards, operator 2, who has 10 years of experience, will be previously calibrated according to the ICDAS II criteria, using the visual method, he will detect and classify the lesions according to the International System criteria. Detection and Evaluation of Caries (ICDAS-II) (26) and the teeth that will represent scores 0 and 1 will be selected. The inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned above will be taken into account; and patients who have at least one pair of homologous permanent first molars that meet the same requirements will be considered. The assistant 2 will be in charge of filling in the data sheets of the participants. Operator 1 will evaluate the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index until you reach an OHS score of 1 over a period of one month. Researcher 1 will select the participants taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria and will deliver the list of those participants to the programmer for randomization. Treatment randomization process The name of each participant will be coded by letters, this will be done by the programmer; the materials are going to be coded by number and the cards are going to be worked with these codings for their subsequent data analysis. And regarding patient data, it will only be handled by the programmer who will be in charge of coding, randomizing the first permanent molars, randomizing the materials to be used so that it is placed in the first permanent molars and this information will be given to the coordinator so that the put in sealed envelopes and then these sealed envelopes will be given to a housekeeper so that said data is not disclosed or published. In case this section of data confidentiality is in the informed consent it could be mentioned. The programmer will give the randomized list to the coordinator and the coordinator will give the external assistant who is not participating in the clinical trial in sealed envelopes labeled by each participant. This external assistant will bring the randomized patient for treatment. Allocation concealment mechanism process and implementation The programmer without participation in the clinical trial will do the randomization sequence generating the list of numbers randomly assigned to participants and will be created with Stata 16 statistical software (Stata Corp. College Station, TX). The investigators will give this list to the coordinator and this external assistant will receive the envelopes and will take care of taking the patient to receive treatment. Blinding process Blinding will be strictly maintained; by emphasizing it on the operators, assistants, evaluators, workers of the educational institution and the parents / guardians and participants. While the participants, operators, evaluators, assistants assigned to carry out the diagnosis, procedure and placement of the material, will not know the brand of the pit and fissure sealant, due to which will be covered with kraft paper, labeled and numbered .Outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to allocation. "The investigators who performed the intervention procedure will not take any result measures. Procedures process Assistant 3 will be in charge of labeling with kraft paper and listing the intervention material A and B (giomer F03 beautifil-Shofu and Tetric N-Flow ivoclar vivadent) in prior coordination with the research coordinator. Operator 3 and assistant 4 will be previously trained and calibrated; they will do the procedure, without knowing the names of the sealants.A split-mouth study design will be used and will be used as follows; It will be applied on the upper / lower first molars with sealing material, being the order assigned according to the previous randomization, for the intervention group they will be sealed based on fluid resin s-prg (giomer F03 beautifil-Shofu) in association with a bottle of adhesive (single bond) and on the contralateral side, the upper / lower first molars will be sealed, the control group will be sealed with a fluid resin compound based on flowable resin (TetricN-Flow ivoclar vivadent) in association with a bottle of adhesive (Single Bond). Placement of materials on the right / left side of the mouth will be randomly assigned following block randomization procedures with a 1:1 allocation using the random block sizes of 4 and 8(35). A computerized random number generator will be used. A total of 120 upper / lower molar teeth will be sealed with both materials (60 teeth for each material). The materials will be placed by the same operator according to the protocol UNMSM for the sealing of pits and deep fissures. Steps for the application of the sealant, the teeth will be isolated with cotton rolls carefully and the assistants 4 will hold a plastic saliva ejector to avoid contamination of the saliva and facilitate the operative procedures of the occlusal surfaces of the upper molars and / or lower for each operator: The occlusal surfaces will be cleaned using water, brush and low hand piece; wash and dry of the occlusal surface; then deproteinization will be done with sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) for 60 seconds, wash with a water / air spray for 30 seconds; and dry. The tooth will then be etched using a 37% orthophosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds, rinsed with a water / air spray for 30 seconds, and dried with cotton balls. For the intervention, the sealants will be covered and listed on Kraft paper, it will be sealed for the intervention fluid resin with sprg (giomer F03 beautifil-Shofu) and for the control group it will be sealed with fluid resin (Tetric N- Flow). Subsequently, a uniform layer of fluid composite resin will be applied and it will be light-cured for 11 seconds using an LED curing unit with an output of 1500 mW / cm2 (Gnatus). The cotton rolls and plastic saliva ejector will be removed, and the occlusion will be checked with articulating paper. The operator will not know the brand of sealant to be used, because it will be covered with Kraft paper and will be delivered by another person(assistant) previously trained for this activity and both materials have a similar color. The child will also not be informed about the brand of the material used. The assistant 5 will collect the data on the card. An average attendance will be 6 participants per day with time intervals to prepare the work environment between each procedure. Evaluation and monitoring process: Assistant 6 will bring and take the participants to operator 4 who will do the prophylaxis and help fill out the cards. Operator 5 with at least ten years of experience it will be previously trained, evaluated and calibrated; in accordance with ICDAS-S II criteria and retention of sealants. The calibration will be given by the Kappa measure (κ >0.7). Operator 5 will not have performed the pit and fissure sealants procedure, he will record the retention of the sealant in a period of 6, 9 and 12 months. Follow-up of sealed teeth will be observed in good lighting, after tooth prophylaxis. Evaluation will be performed with an oral mirror and periodontal probe. Each sealant is classified as follows: Total retention of the sealant in all pits and fissures (RT). Partial retention of sealant in some pits and fissures (PP). Total loss of sealant in all pits and fissures (TP): no trace of materials is detected on the surface. The coordinator will be in all the evaluation follow-ups. Statistical process The Statesman informs the coordinator of the tooth coding and materials. Phase 2. Calibration The researcher who will diagnose and apply the pit and fissure sealants will be trained by a principal teacher the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, calibrated in ICDAS II and in Minimal Intervention Dentistry. Phase 3. Pilot Study The pilot phase had the purpose of planning and organizing the study, measuring work time, the four-hand technique, preparing the materials for treatment (covering the sealants with a Kraft paper), recording the information and the evaluation in controls. This pilot will take place in the Juan Pablo Vizcardo y Guzmán School.
ADVERSE EVENTS A. THE PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING, RECORDING AND MONITORING ADVERSE EVENTS BY THE INVESTIGATOR AND THEIR NOTIFICATION TO THE SPONSOR The investigators have a registration form that is in annex 11 and that will be monitored at 6, 9 and 12 months, the investigators will be in constant communication with the school and parents and / or guardians will be able to communicate and this information is in the Appendix 1.It is important to remember that the rights, welfare and safety of research participants will always prevail over the interests of science and society. Therefore, study participants should be supervised and any suspected adverse event (AE) will be addressed by the study dentist. There is a record of adverse events (Annex 11), where you can record any reaction such as: dental caries, premature contact points and allergy. In case of an adverse event (AE); the first contact will be with the dentist of the responsible study who is in the province of Pichanaki. Immediate tele-dentistry will be done to see the problem. It will be referred within 48 hours in the pertinent time. in dentistry, adverse problems are considered emergencies and not emergencies. The sponsor, school principal, parents, ethics committee, and study investigators will be informed.The progress of the clinical trial will be monitored every 3 months.