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No-reflow is defined as the lack of myocardial perfusion despite opening of the epicardial coronary vessels in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It has been demonstrated that either impaired flow or the absence of flow is associated with an increased rate of mortality. Among available treatment options, intracoronary adenosine is widely used in clinical practice, moreover, adrenaline is a safe alternative for the cases where use of adenosine is limited due to presence of hypotension or bradycardia. Nonetheless, evidence from retrospective and observational studies suggest that intracoronary adrenaline is well tolerated and may exert encouraging effects in prompt recovery of flow in these patients. However, very limited data are available on efficacy of intracoronary (IC) adrenaline in normotensive patients. Therefore, this study is planned to study the hypothesis that; intracoronary adrenaline is safe and has significantly higher efficacy as compared to adenosine for the treatment of no-reflow in normotensive patients with acute coronary syndrome.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment group | Experimental | Patients receiving intracoronary adrenaline |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Patients receiving intracoronary adenosine |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenaline | Drug | Treatment group will receive adrenaline (100 to 400 mcg) for the treatment of No-reflow |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Improvement in Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade | Immediately after administration of drug | |
| Reduction in TIMI frame count | Immediately after administration of drug |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The major adverse cardiovascular events | During hospital stay and at 30-day follow-up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases | Karachi | Sindh | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35000456 | Derived | Khan KA, Qamar N, Saghir T, Sial JA, Kumar D, Kumar R, Qayyum D, Yasin U, Jalbani J, Karim M. Comparison of Intracoronary Epinephrine and Adenosine for No-Reflow in Normotensive Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome (COAR Trial). Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2022 Feb;15(2):e011408. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.121.011408. Epub 2022 Jan 10. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054058 | Acute Coronary Syndrome |
| D054318 | No-Reflow Phenomenon |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017202 | Myocardial Ischemia |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004837 | Epinephrine |
| D000241 | Adenosine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004983 | Ethanolamines |
| D000605 | Amino Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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| Adenosine | Drug | Control group will receive adenosine (100 to 400 mcg) |
|
| D007511 |
| Ischemia |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000588 |
| Amines |
| D015306 | Biogenic Monoamines |
| D001679 | Biogenic Amines |
| D002395 | Catecholamines |
| D002396 | Catechols |
| D010636 | Phenols |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D011684 | Purine Nucleosides |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D009705 | Nucleosides |
| D009706 | Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides |
| D012263 | Ribonucleosides |