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As the population ages, there is increasing interest in developing innovative approaches to promote and sustain mental and emotional well-being. Recent studies have linked engagement with the arts with supporting cognitive functioning, promoting empathy and greater sense of life purpose. The need to develop alternative approaches to sustain emotional well-being is especially acute for the nearly 6 million older Americans who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. There is a need for quality activities that can be done virtually for homebound individuals with cognitive disorders and the individuals' family care-partners.
The investigators intend to institute a 3-session virtual art museum pilot program for seniors with cognitive disorders and care-partners using the Visual Thinking Strategies approach. The investigators hypothesize that participation in a virtual guided visual arts experience will enhance emotional well-being and self-esteem for both seniors with cognitive impairment and the seniors' care-partners.
A number of innovative programs currently exist nationally that are exploring ways to connect to connect older adults with cognitive impairment with the arts. One example is the "Meet Me at MOMA" program at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City, which ran a monthly program for adults with dementia and the adults' care-partners. Researchers studying this program found that participants benefited in terms of improvement in measures of well-being, including higher ratings on scales looking at self-esteem and quality of life . Additionally, other art-based interventions have shown improvements in well-being and mood for the care-partners of individuals with dementia.
One well-validated approach to engaging individuals with works of visual art is "Visual Thinking Strategies". Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) uses a structured technique to guide viewers to engage with visual art that builds on lived experiences and does not presuppose any knowledge of art or art history. Previous work has utilized Visual Thinking Strategies in educational settings and for clinicians to promote professional identity formation. It has not been studied in clinical settings with patients or with individuals with cognitive disorders. Yet, this approach may have particular benefits for elders with cognitive impairment as it encourages the elders' engagement in the "here and now" and therefore, also provides immediate positive feedback and validation to participants. As such, Visual Thinking Strategies has the potential to contribute to emotional well-being, self-esteem, and meaning for older adults with cognitive impairment.
Subjects: The Johns Hopkins Club Memory Group consists of about 25 older adults with cognitive disorders and the older adults' family care-partners. This group meets twice monthly for social interaction and engagement and is led by senior nurse, Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse (RN). As this will be a small pilot program, individuals with cognitive disorders and the individuals' care-partners will be individually invited to participate in the program by Andrea Nelson, RN. The investigators intend to recruit a total of 4-6 individuals with early to moderate cognitive impairment and the individuals' care-partners for this pilot program.
Consent process:
Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse, will obtain telephone consent from both the individuals with cognitive disorder and the individuals' family care-partners. For those individuals who agree to participate, Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse will screen for eligibility and will do a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale determination by telephone. Participants will receive a written copy of the study by mail.
Study plan:
All study dyads will participate in 3 scheduled Visual Thinking Strategies sessions via Zoom. Each session will last about an hour and will include a guided discussion of pre-selected visual art using the Visual Thinking Strategies approach. It is anticipated that two pieces of art will be shown during each session. The three sessions will be scheduled one month apart. In advance of each session, participants will be mailed the study instruments listed below along with an addressed, stamped envelope to mail the completed forms back to Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse upon completion.
Immediately prior to the start of each Visual Thinking Strategies art session, both members of the study dyad will be asked to complete the following scales.
In addition, after each art session, a feedback questionnaire will be completed by the individual with cognitive disorder and a separate feedback questionnaire will be completed by the care-partner. The feedback questionnaires will be completed anytime in the subsequent 2 days following the VTS session. The questionnaires solicit feedback about how enjoyable the art session was and what changes in emotional well-being were experienced as a result of the art session participation.
Participants will return the completed Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scales, Smiley Face Mood Rating Scales, and post-session questionnaires in an addressed, stamped envelope to Andrea Nelson, Registered Nurse.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| virtual visual art experience for individuals with dementia and their family care-partners | Experimental | Individuals with dementia and their family care-partners will participate in three monthly one-hour virtual art sessions in which the facilitator uses Visual Thinking Strategies technique to facilitate participants' viewing and discussion about virtual art images. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual visual art experience guided by Visual Thinking Strategies | Behavioral | All study dyads (where study dyad consists of a participant with dementia and his/her care-partner) will participate in 3 scheduled virtual visual art sessions via Zoom. Each session will last about an hour and will include a guided discussion of pre-selected visual art using the Visual Thinking Strategies approach. It is anticipated that two pieces of art will be shown during each art session. The three sessions will be scheduled one month apart. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in self-esteem as assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | Impact of participation in a virtual art museum program on both older adults with cognitive disorders and their care-partners on survey measure of self-esteem. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a 10-item self-report scale. Each item response is scored on a 4-point Likert Scale where 1 = Strongly agree and 4= Strongly disagree. Higher scores indicate higher self-esteem, and lower scores indicate lower self-esteem. | At first session and third session, up to 3 months |
| Change in self-report mood as assessed by the Smiley Face Mood Rating Scale | Impact of participation in a virtual art museum program on both older adults with cognitive disorders and their care-partners on self-report measure of mood. Smiley Face Mood Rating Scale- A pictorial self-report Likert scale with 5 smiley faces ranging from very unhappy (scored as 1), to very happy (scored as 5). Higher scores indicate a more positive mood and lower scores indicate a more negative mood. | Before and immediately after each visual art session, up to 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| to get feedback from family care-partners about their experience in participating in a virtual art museum program regarding satisfaction with a virtual program of this nature | Post-visual art experience questionnaire asking questions about satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of 7 question items, 3 of which are YES/NO response, 2 of which are multiple choice response, one is a 10-point rating scale for satisfaction level where 10 is "very high satisfaction" and 1 is "very low satisfaction". One question is open-narrative free response. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Susan W Lehmann, MD | Johns Hopkins University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johns Hopkins Hospital | Baltimore | Maryland | 21287 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
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| up to 48 hours after first visual art session |
| to get feedback from family care-partners about their experience in participating in a virtual art museum program regarding acceptability and satisfaction with a virtual program of this nature | post-visual art experience questionnaire asking questions about satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of 7 question items, 3 of which are YES/NO response, 2 of which are multiple choice response, 1 is a 10-point rating scale for satisfaction level where is "very high satisfaction" and 1 is "very low satisfaction". One question is open-narrative free response | up to 48 hours after second visual art session |
| to get feedback from family care-partners about their experience in participating in a virtual art museum program regarding acceptability and satisfaction with a virtual program of this nature | post-visual art experience questionnaire asking questions about satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of 7 question items, 3 of which are YES/NO response, 2 of which are multiple choice response, 1 is a 10-point rating scale for satisfaction level where is "very high satisfaction" and 1 is "very low satisfaction". One question is open-narrative free response | up to 48 hours after third visual art session |
| to get feedback from individuals with cognitive disorders about their experience in participating in a virtual art museum program regarding acceptability and satisfaction with a virtual program of this nature | post-visual art experience questionnaire asking questions about satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of 6 question items. 5 items are YES/NO response, and 1 item is multiple choice response | up to 48 hours after first visual art session |
| to get feedback from individuals with cognitive disorders about their experience in participating in a virtual art museum program regarding acceptability and satisfaction with a virtual program of this nature | post-visual art experience questionnaire asking questions about satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of 6 question items. 5 items are YES/NO response, and 1 item is multiple choice response | up to 48 hours after second visual art session |
| to get feedback from individuals with cognitive disorders about their experience in participating in a virtual art museum program regarding acceptability and satisfaction with a virtual program of this nature | post-visual art experience questionnaire asking questions about satisfaction. The questionnaire consists of 6 question items. 5 items are YES/NO response, and 1 item is multiple choice response | up to 48 hours after third visual art session |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |