The investigators aimed to establish a prospective cohort of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery from April 2021 to September 2022, in Wuhan. The ARDS events, ventilation time, time of extubation, oxygenation index for 3 days after operation were observed. Plasma samples were collected before CPB, and several time points after CPB. Dynamic differential proteins of ARDS after CPB were screened by DIA (Data independent acquisition) proteomics. Quantitative protein marker concentration was used to predict the occurrence of ARDS after operation, the model discrimination and calibration was assessed.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Selective operation;
• Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass;
• Adult patients over 18 years old;
• Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients who refuse to sign the informed consent form or the attending physician refuses the patient to join the study;
• non elective surgery (surgery at non-elective time or emergency surgery);
• preoperative pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary inflammation;
• the absence of any specimen and clinical data;
• patients who failed the operation, needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support or underwent CPB operation again within 3 days after operation;

Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery from April 2021 to July 2022, in Wuhan Union hospital