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A prospective open-label phase 2 study will be designed to assess the efficacy of oral arsenic trioxide plus azacitidine in preventing relapses in patients with NPM1-mutant AML. After screening and eligibility assessment, patients will receive treatment with oral arsenic trioxide plus azacitidine for 12 months. The recruitment period will last for 24 months and it will take approximately 36 months for study completion.
Eligible subjects with NPM1 MRD positivity will receive oral arsenic trioxide (oral-As2O3) (Arsenol ®) (5-10mg per day, from days 1-7 per cycle), ascorbic acid (1g per day, from days 1 - 7 per cycle) plus azacitidine (75mg/m2 per day subcutaneously, from days 1 to 3 per cycle). Each cycle of oral-As2O3 plus azacitidine will be given once every 28 days. The total duration of treatment is 12 months (12 cycles). Treatment will be day-care and outpatient based. Reduction in the dosage and duration of oral-As2O3 is required if the subject is experiencing adverse events (AEs). In case of grade 3 or above toxicity, the dosage of oral-As2O3 will be reduced to 5mg per day. Changes or interruption in dosages, their dates and time points will be recorded on the dosage administration record and the electronic case report form (eCRF).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral arsenic trioxide-Azacitidine | Experimental | 12 monthly cycles of oral arsenic trioxide (oral-As2O3) (Arsenol ®) (5-10mg per day, from days 1-7 per cycle), ascorbic acid (1g per day, from days 1 - 7 per cycle) plus azacitidine (75mg/m2 per day subcutaneously, from days 1 to 3 per cycle). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Arsenic Trioxide Formulation | Drug | Eligible subjects with NPM1 MRD positivity will receive oral arsenic trioxide (oral-As2O3) (Arsenol ®) (5-10mg per day, from days 1-7 per cycle), ascorbic acid (1g per day, from days 1 - 7 per cycle) plus azacitidine (75mg/m2 per day subcutaneously, from days 1 to 3 per cycle). Each cycle of oral-As2O3 plus azacitidine will be given once every 28 days. The total duration of treatment is 12 months (12 cycles). Treatment will be day-care and outpatient based. Reduction in the dosage and duration of oral-As2O3 is required if the subject is experiencing adverse events (AEs). In case of grade 3 or above toxicity, the dosage of oral-As2O3 will be reduced to 5mg per day. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of NPM1 MRD negativity. | This is defined as undetectable NPM1 mutant transcript with RQ-PCR on both the PB and BM following treatment, at a limit of detection of 10^-5. | 36 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of response | defined as the time from achievement of undetectable NPM1 MRD to Documented molecular recurrence (defined as detectable MRD on PB or BM at a limit of detection of 10^5. | 36 months |
| Leukaemia-free survival (LFS) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harinder Gill, MD | Contact | +852 22554542 | gillhsh@hku.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Harinder Gill | The University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The University of Hong Kong | Recruiting | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27276561 | Background | Papaemmanuil E, Gerstung M, Bullinger L, Gaidzik VI, Paschka P, Roberts ND, Potter NE, Heuser M, Thol F, Bolli N, Gundem G, Van Loo P, Martincorena I, Ganly P, Mudie L, McLaren S, O'Meara S, Raine K, Jones DR, Teague JW, Butler AP, Greaves MF, Ganser A, Dohner K, Schlenk RF, Dohner H, Campbell PJ. Genomic Classification and Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 9;374(23):2209-2221. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1516192. | |
| 22417203 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015470 | Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007951 | Leukemia, Myeloid |
| D007938 | Leukemia |
| D009370 | Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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|
|
This is defined as the time, in months, from the start of oral-As2O3 plus azacitidine to morphologic relapse of AML.
| 36 months |
| Safety of oral-As2O3 plus azacitidine, assessed using the common toxicity criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 5.0. | The incidence of treatment emergent adverse events will be determined as a measure of safety | 36 months |
| Background |
| Patel JP, Gonen M, Figueroa ME, Fernandez H, Sun Z, Racevskis J, Van Vlierberghe P, Dolgalev I, Thomas S, Aminova O, Huberman K, Cheng J, Viale A, Socci ND, Heguy A, Cherry A, Vance G, Higgins RR, Ketterling RP, Gallagher RE, Litzow M, van den Brink MR, Lazarus HM, Rowe JM, Luger S, Ferrando A, Paietta E, Tallman MS, Melnick A, Abdel-Wahab O, Levine RL. Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 22;366(12):1079-89. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112304. Epub 2012 Mar 14. |
| 26789727 | Background | Ivey A, Hills RK, Simpson MA, Jovanovic JV, Gilkes A, Grech A, Patel Y, Bhudia N, Farah H, Mason J, Wall K, Akiki S, Griffiths M, Solomon E, McCaughan F, Linch DC, Gale RE, Vyas P, Freeman SD, Russell N, Burnett AK, Grimwade D; UK National Cancer Research Institute AML Working Group. Assessment of Minimal Residual Disease in Standard-Risk AML. N Engl J Med. 2016 Feb 4;374(5):422-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507471. Epub 2016 Jan 20. |
| 28056203 | Background | Balsat M, Renneville A, Thomas X, de Botton S, Caillot D, Marceau A, Lemasle E, Marolleau JP, Nibourel O, Berthon C, Raffoux E, Pigneux A, Rodriguez C, Vey N, Cayuela JM, Hayette S, Braun T, Coude MM, Terre C, Celli-Lebras K, Dombret H, Preudhomme C, Boissel N. Postinduction Minimal Residual Disease Predicts Outcome and Benefit From Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With NPM1 Mutation: A Study by the Acute Leukemia French Association Group. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Jan 10;35(2):185-193. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.67.1875. Epub 2016 Nov 14. |
| 31932839 | Background | Dillon R, Hills R, Freeman S, Potter N, Jovanovic J, Ivey A, Kanda AS, Runglall M, Foot N, Valganon M, Khwaja A, Cavenagh J, Smith M, Ommen HB, Overgaard UM, Dennis M, Knapper S, Kaur H, Taussig D, Mehta P, Raj K, Novitzky-Basso I, Nikolousis E, Danby R, Krishnamurthy P, Hill K, Finnegan D, Alimam S, Hurst E, Johnson P, Khan A, Salim R, Craddock C, Spearing R, Gilkes A, Gale R, Burnett A, Russell NH, Grimwade D. Molecular MRD status and outcome after transplantation in NPM1-mutated AML. Blood. 2020 Feb 27;135(9):680-688. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019002959. |
| 25795919 | Background | Martelli MP, Gionfriddo I, Mezzasoma F, Milano F, Pierangeli S, Mulas F, Pacini R, Tabarrini A, Pettirossi V, Rossi R, Vetro C, Brunetti L, Sportoletti P, Tiacci E, Di Raimondo F, Falini B. Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid target NPM1 mutant oncoprotein levels and induce apoptosis in NPM1-mutated AML cells. Blood. 2015 May 28;125(22):3455-65. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-611459. Epub 2015 Mar 20. |
| 25800051 | Background | El Hajj H, Dassouki Z, Berthier C, Raffoux E, Ades L, Legrand O, Hleihel R, Sahin U, Tawil N, Salameh A, Zibara K, Darwiche N, Mohty M, Dombret H, Fenaux P, de The H, Bazarbachi A. Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide trigger degradation of mutated NPM1, resulting in apoptosis of AML cells. Blood. 2015 May 28;125(22):3447-54. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-612416. Epub 2015 Mar 23. |
| 25953102 | Background | Chau D, Ng K, Chan TS, Cheng YY, Fong B, Tam S, Kwong YL, Tse E. Azacytidine sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide by up-regulating the arsenic transporter aquaglyceroporin 9. J Hematol Oncol. 2015 May 8;8:46. doi: 10.1186/s13045-015-0143-3. |
| D006402 |
| Hematologic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |