Polyamines are naturally produced metabolites in our cells. There were some reports suggested the urinary levels of polyamines were altered in patients with different cancers. This study is to explore the use of urinary polyamine for the diagnosis of common cancers.

Urine tests is a simple, non-invasive approach for cancer detection. One example of such cancer biomarkers are natural polyamines. Recently, there are also other reports on the use of polyamines in diagnosis of other cancers. In this larger scale study, with inclusion of subjects with different cancer types, to further assess the correlation urine polyamines and other urine metabolite markers for the diagnosis of different cancer types and investigate their role as a potential non-invasive marker for cancer detection and monitoring.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult patients with age > 18 years old.
2. For cancer patients, a histological diagnosis of cancer is available.
3. For normal control, there is no diagnosis of cancer in the medical record.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient with recent urinary tract infection within 6 weeks prior to urine collection.
2. Patient with recent urethral instrumentation, such as Foley catheter insertion, cystoscopy etc, within 6 weeks prior to urine collection.
3. Patient refused or unable to provide consent for the study

A total of 2000 patients who has diagnosis of various cancers, and another 500 patients with no history of cancer will be recruited for the study. The sample size is based on the projected number of patients that can be recruited during the proposed study period.