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" Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (wet AMD)" is characterized by the appearance of new choroidal vessels. Several clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of intra-vitreous injections of anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept) against these choroidal neovessels. However, some eyes appear to respond less well or be resistant to anti-VEGF injections, which affects visual acuity. To improve the clinical management of patients with wet AMD, it is important to be able to determine which factors determine the response to anti-VEGF treatment.
Non-modifiable factors such as visual acuity or the patient's age at the time of the first injections, the type and size of choroidal neovascularization, as well as certain genetic polymorphisms are known. Two studies, one carried out in Korean patients, the other in different centers in Singapore, New Zealand, Australia and Switzerland showed that active smoking was associated with a poorer response to intra-vitreous injections of ranibizumab, since smoking is also an already well-known modifiable risk factor for the onset of AMD. Another study in the Netherlands shows a poorer visual prognosis after five years of injection treatment in patients who smoke.
This study aims to study the effect of active smoking on the visual prognosis of patients with exudative AMD and treated with anti-VEGF injections in a Belgian cohort.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active smokers with wet AMD |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Data extraction | Other | Medical Data extraction |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Monoyer chart result | Best corrected visual acuity using a monoyer chart - data collected on one eye only. Monoyer charts are planks with letters displayed: the letters in each row are the same size and the size increases as you go down. | Baseline |
| Monoyer chart result | Best corrected visual acuity using a monoyer chart - data collected on one eye only. Monoyer charts are planks with letters displayed: the letters in each row are the same size and the size increases as you go down. | 4 months after baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Central macular thickness | Central macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography at baseline examination | Baseline |
| Central macular thickness | Central macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography at final examination |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients of the CHU Brugmann Hospital with Wet AMD having received intra-vitreous injections of anti-VEGF, with a known smoking status.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sophie Caspers | CHU Brugmann | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHU Brugmann | Brussels | 1020 | Belgium |
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| 4 months after baseline |
| Pigment epithelial detachment | Morphological analysis of the retinal pigment epithelium on optical coherence tomography (OCT), to assess presence or absence of detachment at baseline visit. | Baseline |
| Sub-retinal fluid | Morphological analysis of retinal layers on optical coherence tomography (OCT), to assess presence or absence of sub-retinal fluid at baseline visit. | Baseline |
| Choroidal neovascularization subtype | Morphological analysis of fluorescein angiography, to assess the type of choroidal neovascularization at baseline visit. | Baseline |