Effect of Gender on Depression and Periodontal Status

Gender Differences in Periodontal Status of Depressive and Non-Depressive Individuals

There is a relationship between depression and periodontal disease. This relationship may be double-sided. A psychological state such as anxiety, depression, body image, and self-esteem may be affected from the symptoms of periodontal disease.

Background: Depression is a multifactorial disease characterized by a variety of symptoms. Individuals with psychiatric disorders seem to be more prone to periodontitis. However periodontal disease and depression can be considered bidirectional risk factors. Periodontal diseases can also be an effect on depression. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the gender-related differences in the relationship between periodontal diseases and depression in male and female adults.

Material and methods: The study population consisted of 339 subjects. Two groups were formed from these patients: 171 females with periodontal disease (71 subjects with gingivitis, 100 subjects with periodontitis); 168 males with periodontal disease (72 subjects with gingivitis, 96 subjects with periodontitis). Clinical periodontal and psychological measures were performed on females and males group.

Inclusion Criteria:

• the presence of periodontal diseases

Exclusion Criteria:

• the presence of any systemic disease other than depression
• smoking and alcohol consumption
• the use of any drugs (antidepressants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial medicaments, and hormonal supplements) that affect the periodontal condition
• have received any periodontal treatment in the last six months
• hormonal condition such as pregnancy or lactation