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Social cognition is an individual's ability to perceive, process, understand, and react to other individuals in a social situation. Social cognition is impaired in individuals with schizophrenia, including difficulty recognizing others' emotions. A promising treatment avenue for emotion recognition problems in individuals with schizophrenia is continued practice with various facial expression recognition training programs. First degree relatives of someone with schizophrenia are considered at familial high risk (FHR) for the illness, because of its high level of heritability. It is therefore critical to explore if these emotion recognition training programs could also benefit people at FHR. In this current study, the investigators aim to explore the social-cognitive profiles and their neural correlates in FHR individuals. The investigators also aim to explore the potential efficacy of an emotion recognition intervention to improve this ability in FHR individuals.
All participants will complete a battery of social cognitive tests as well as an fMRI scan to explore the neuronal correlates underlying lower social cognitive functioning observed in FHR individuals. FHR youth will be randomized into either a 4-session emotion recognition training exercise program on iPad or a control training program on iPad that includes commercial games and control emotional attention bias training.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emotion Recognition Training | Experimental |
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| Control Training | Other | Control |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotion Recognition Training | Behavioral | Participants will undergo 2 fMRI scans, one before and one after the training sessions. There will be 4 visits consisting of an emotion recognition training exercise on iPad, lasting for a period of ~1 hour each. (More details about each condition will be added after study completion to protect the blinding of participants) . |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in emotion recognition performance from baseline - PENN Emotion Recognition Test | Penn Emotion Recognition test - tests the participant's ability to recognize emotion from facial expressions | baseline and post treatment (1 month) |
| Change in brain activity during emotion recognition tasks from baseline | Brain activity as measured using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). | baseline and post treatment (1 month) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre | Ottawa | Ontario | K1Z 7K4 | Canada |
De-identified data collected from this study may be shared with other researchers at the Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research for analyses and re-analyses. Variables of the study and scripts used for analyses will be made available to the public. De-identified data will also be shared with the general public upon request. Data that can connect with participants' identity will NOT be used or shared for analyses.
De-identified data will become available upon completion of the study and once results have been published in an academic journal (anticipated time frame: the year of 2026).
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012559 | Schizophrenia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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Patients will be randomized to either 7 visits over a period of 1 month of an emotion recognition training condition or 7 visits over a period of one month of active control training condition.
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Due to the nature of the intervention, treatment administrators will not be able to remain blind to group assignment; however, assessment staff, investigators, and participants will be blind to group assignment. Assessment staff and investigators will never be involved in the randomization or treatment procedures.
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| Control Training | Behavioral | Participants will undergo 2 fMRI scans, one before and one after the training sessions. There will be 4 visits consisting of a control training exercise on iPad, lasting for a period of ~1 hour each. (More details about each condition will be added after study completion to protect the blinding of participants) . |
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