The investigators' study aims to test the correlation between CoaguChek point-of-care aPTT testing (Roche, Switzerland) and low plasma levels of all four currently EMA approved direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC; apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban) and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of POCT to rule out or detect relevant levels of DOAC in real-life stroke patients. Relevant levels are defined as current treatment thresholds according to international guidelines, i.e. 30 and 50 ng/mL.

In emergency situations such as an acute stroke or emergency surgery, information on the plasma concentration of DOAC in patients with suspected or known intake of DOAC plays a vital role in making decisions in relation to the administration of i.v thrombolysis therapy- ''Time is brain'' or to consider the administration of an antidote in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients. Moreover, acute stroke patients presenting with aphasia are not in the position to provide information on how regular and when last the anticoagulant was taken.

Although dabigatran for example has lab tests such as the diluted thrombin time (dTT) and the ecarin clotting time (ECT) available, major challenges faced are due to the scarcity of these tests in many hospitals. Also, just like many other lab tests, results could take up to 30-60 minutes (turn-around time due to transport and sample processing) making it inconvenient in critical situations.

In our previous studies, we have been able to show a concentration-dependent effect of Dabigatran on Hemochron® Signature POCT (Werfen, Barcelona, Spain) with all 4 test cards used (PT, aPTT, ACT-LR und ACT+). Dabigatran however failed to show a concentration-dependent effect when tested with the CoaguChek®XS Pro POCT device (Roche, Switzerland) together with the then available prothrombin time (PT) test card. This finding could be attributed to the known low response of dabigatran plasma levels on PT but rather a better response of dabigatran plasma levels on aPTT.

Our study therefore aims to test CoaguChek® Pro II POCT device which is widely available in Europe with the new aPTT test card on all 4 DOAC in order to assess a possible correlation between the aPTT values and the DOAC plasma concentration detected by mass spectrometry, and to evaluate its ability to rule out even very low but clinically relevant DOAC concentrations (e.g., above the currently recommended 30 and 50 ng/mL treatment thresholds). In order to avoid POCT results indicating no relevant DOAC concentrations despite DOAC concentrations being actually elevated, our specificity target is predefined as >95% for detection of elevated DOAC concentrations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years
• Stroke patients, who were newly started on oral anticoagulation with apixaban, edoxaban, dabigatran or rivaroxaban for secondary prevention of thromboembolic events
• informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Vitamin K antagonists ≤ 14 days prior to study participation
• Prior DOAC intake ≤ 72 hours
• Low-molecular weight heparin ≤ 24 hours
• Unfractionated heparin ≤ 12 hours
• Heparinoids (e.g. Fondaparinux) ≤ 72 hours
• Abnormal coagulation values at baseline (Quick < 70% or activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) > 40sec.)
• History of coagulopathy

Consecutive stroke patients, who were newly started on oral anticoagulation with apixaban, edoxaban, dabigatran or rivaroxaban for secondary prevention of thromboembolic events