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The aims of this study were to (i) assess fear and anxiety of COVID-19 in a Turkish sample dental professionals using the Turkish FCV-19S and CAS; (ii) explore factors associated with FCV-19S and CAS; and (iii) examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish FCV-19S and CAS.
This cross-sectional study was conducted between October, 16 to 23, 2020 by sending an online survey questionnaire working in public and university hospitals, including general dentists or specialists. The tool utilized for data collection was a designed online Google Forms questionnaire.
This survey was implemented by using a questionnaire that included socio-demographic data (age range, gender, marital status, systemic disease, professional area, years of clinical experience, number of patients treated daily, smoking status, alcohol consumption, vs), epidemic-related questions and scales measuring the fear and anxiety levels of the participants.
Fear of COVID-19 Scale is an unidimensional scale seven-item scale assessing anxiety regarding COVID-19 developed by Ahorsu et al. Items are rated on a 5-item Likert scale from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree) with scores ranging from 7 to 35. A higher score of the FCV-19S represents a greater level of fear. In the study, the bi-factor model and two-factor model consisting of the "emotional response" factor (items 1, 2, 4, and 5) and "physiological response" factor (items 3, 6, and 7) were used.
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale is an unidimensional tool that assesses the physiological reactions anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked to rate 5 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (nearly every day over the last 2 weeks).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysing the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 pandemic on dental professionals | Other | Dental professionals |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The psychosocial effects of COVID-19 pandemic on dental professionals | Behavioral | Analysing the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 pandemic on dental professionals using the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 and Coronavirus Anxiety Scales |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Professionals Using the Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale | Fear of COVID-19 Scale is an unidimensional scale seven-item scale assessing anxiety regarding COVID-19 . Items are rated on a 5-item Likert scale from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree) with scores ranging from 7 to 35. Scores are added up. A higher score of the FCV-19S represents a greater level of fear and a worse outcome. | during the survey administration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Turkish Version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale | Coronavirus Anxiety Scale is an unidimensional tool that assesses the physiological anxiety related to the COVID-19. Participants rated 5 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (nearly every day over the last 2 weeks). Scores are added up for a total score of 0 - 20, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| esra Oz, Assist Prof | Suleyman Demirel University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry Pediatric Dentistry Department | Isparta | 32260 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32837443 | Background | Mahmood QK, Jafree SR, Qureshi WA. The Psychometric Validation of FCV19S in Urdu and Socio-Demographic Association with Fear in the People of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province in Pakistan. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(1):426-436. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00371-4. Epub 2020 Jul 12. | |
| 32837436 | Background |
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Participants with missing data were excluded from the study
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Analysing the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic | General dentists and specialists analyzed during COVID-19 pandemic |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 11, 2020 |
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Dental professionals
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Dental professionals working in public and university hospitals
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| during the survey administration |
| Ahmed O, Faisal RA, Sharker T, Lee SA, Jobe MC. Adaptation of the Bangla Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(1):284-295. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00357-2. Epub 2020 Jun 27. |
| 32427217 | Background | Alyami M, Henning M, Krageloh CU, Alyami H. Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(6):2219-2232. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00316-x. Epub 2020 May 16. |
| 32845795 | Background | Andrade EF, Pereira LJ, Oliveira APL, Orlando DR, Alves DAG, Guilarducci JS, Castelo PM. Perceived fear of COVID-19 infection according to sex, age and occupational risk using the Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Stud. 2022;46(3):533-542. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1809786. Epub 2020 Aug 26. |
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| COMPLETED | number of participants |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Analysing the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Professionals | Data were collected by sending an online survey questionnaire to dentists working in public and university hospitals, including both general dentists and specialists. The survey consisted of a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data (age range, gender, marital status, composition of household, systemic disease, professional area, years of clinical experience, number of patients treated daily, smoking status, alcohol consumption), epidemic-related questions, and scales measuring the fear and anxiety levels of the participants. In the last part of the survey, the levels of fear and anxiety were assessed by the FCV-19S and CAS. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants | Participants | No |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Full Range | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | The Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Professionals Using the Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale | Fear of COVID-19 Scale is an unidimensional scale seven-item scale assessing anxiety regarding COVID-19 . Items are rated on a 5-item Likert scale from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree) with scores ranging from 7 to 35. Scores are added up. A higher score of the FCV-19S represents a greater level of fear and a worse outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale | during the survey administration |
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| Secondary | The Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Turkish Version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale | Coronavirus Anxiety Scale is an unidimensional tool that assesses the physiological anxiety related to the COVID-19. Participants rated 5 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, from 0 (not at all) to 4 (nearly every day over the last 2 weeks). Scores are added up for a total score of 0 - 20, with higher scores indicating worse outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale | during the survey administration |
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All-Cause Mortality, Serious, and Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed
All-Cause Mortality, Serious, and Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Analysing the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Professionals | The psychosocial effects of COVID-19 pandemic on general dentists and specialists | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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The present study has some limitations. Since the stress and anxiety levels of the dentists participating in the study prior to the pandemic are not known, the extent of the increase in these levels is unknown. In addition, because this is a cross-sectional study, the findings reflect only a certain period of the pandemic. Only scales related to COVID-19 were included, as it was thought that participants might be reluctant to participate in a longer survey.
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr Esra Oz | Suleyman Demirel University | 05326788040 | esrakaraagac@sdu.edu.tr |
| Jan 13, 2021 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
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| Black or African American |
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| White |
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| More than one race |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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