Data about sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in all groups were collected. Their mobility status and general anxiety levels were evaluated.

The patients in the intervention group were given a planned "in-bed turning and mobilization training" in the patient's room by the researcher one day before the surgery. This training included explaining the importance of postoperative mobility, demonstrating the correct in-bed turning and mobilization steps through pictures with the "Illustrated In-Bed Turning and Mobilization Training Material", answering questions (if any), and finally, simulating postoperative in-bed turning and the first mobilization using the role-playing technique in collaboration with the patient.

Data about sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in all groups were collected. Their mobility status and general anxiety levels were evaluated.

Patients in the control group received routine clinical care. This care included the provision of verbal information to the patient at different times by the primary physician and/or nurse about postoperative in-bed turning and mobilization and answering questions if any.

Preoperative Turning in Bed Training

The patient's first postoperative in-bed turning, the intensive care nurse scored the patient's dependence-independence status/degree with the in-bed turning section of the Observer Mobility Scale. The Observer Mobility Scale: During the same four activities following the surgery, the patient's dependence-independence status on the nurse is scored between "1- performing the activity independently" and "5-inability to perform the activity despite help". The score that can be obtained from each item varies between 1 and 5, and the total scale score ranges from 4 to 20. Increased scores indicate inadequate movement skills.

The patient scored the degree of the pain during in-bed turning with the related section of the Patient Mobility Scale. The Patient Mobility Scale: The level of pain and difficulty experienced during four activities performed after surgery is evaluated using a 15-cm-wide visual analog. The score that can be obtained from each item varies between 0-15, and the total scale score ranges from 0 to 120. Increased scores indicate an increased level of pain related to the activity.

The patient scored the degree of the strain during in-bed turning with the related section of the Patient Mobility Scale. The Patient Mobility Scale: The level of pain and difficulty experienced during four activities performed after surgery is evaluated using a 15-cm-wide visual analog. The score that can be obtained from each item varies between 0-15, and the total scale score ranges from 0 to 120. Increased scores indicate an increased level of difficulty related to the activity.

Following the mobilization, the intensive care nurse evaluated the patient's dependence-independence status/degree during the mobilization steps with the Observer Mobility Scale. The Observer Mobility Scale: During the same four activities following the surgery, the patient's dependence-independence status on the nurse is scored between "1- performing the activity independently" and "5-inability to perform the activity despite help". The score that can be obtained from each item varies between 1 and 5, and the total scale score ranges from 4 to 20. Increased scores indicate inadequate movement skills.

Their willingness for mobilization was evaluated by the intensive care nurse just before the first mobilization by asking the patients and using the Numeric Rating Scale. The scores on the scale range between "0 - I'm not ready for mobilization" and "10 - I feel ready for mobilization" regarding the pre-mobilization willingness.