Pharmacokinetic Considerations and Dosing Strategies of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole or Azithromycin as Adjunct to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy. A Randomized,6-month, Parallel-group, Clinical Trial.
Pharmacokinetic Considerations and Dosing Strategies of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole or Azithromycin as Adjunct to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy. A Randomized,6-month, Parallel-group, Clinical Trial.
Periodontitits is a bacteria induced inflammatory disease that destroys the supporting tissues of the tooth and leads to tooth loss. Treatment consists mainly of the mechanical cleaning of the tooth surfaces in order to remove the bacterial deposits (plaque and calculus). This procedure can reduce the level of pathogenic bacteria but it can not eradicate them. In severe cases, for the complete resolution of the disease, the elimantion of certain species of bacteria is needed. In order to achieve that, the combination of different regimens of antibiotics adjunctive to the mechanical treatment has been proposed. However, dosage and duration of antimicrobial therapy should be optimal and not excessive as issues may arise related to increased antimicrobial resistance in the population and the individual due to habitual prescription of wide-spectrum antibiotic regimens, horizontal gene transfer and genetic mutation.
In the present study, in an effort to optimize the dosage and duration of the antimicrobial regimen, we will determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the MET-AMO combination and of AZI in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), saliva and serum in severe periodontitis patients during and after either a 3-day or a 7-day course of treatment.
This is a randomized, 3-arm parallel group, single-blind, comparative superiority and exploratory clinical trial of 44 months involving 45 patients with periodontitis attending the Division of Regenarative Dental Medecine and Periodontology of the University of Geneva. First, a routine clinical and radiographic periodontal examination will be conducted by a periodontist. Treatment will be done in 2 appointments by mechanical debridement of the diseased sites by two experienced clinicians. At the end of the treatment, one third of the patients will be assigned for treatment with 500mgAMO+ 500mgMET 3 times a day during 1 week, one third for treatment with 500mgAMO+ 500mgMET 3 times a day during 3 days and the last third for treatment with 500mg AZI once a day for 3 days.
Clinical samples will be taken at Days 0, 2, 4 and 8 after the start of the antibiotic administration . Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) will be collected from four sites with paperpoints, blood sample by finger puncture, unstimulated saliva and subgingival plaque from four sites with paper points. The concentration and duration effect of AMO+MET and AZI in GCF, saliva and serum will be assessed in the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology at the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The microbiological effect on 6 selected organisms will be assessed by RT-PCR at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The clinical results will be evaluated 6 months later. The study duration for the patient will be approximately 8 months.
All adverse events (AE) and all serious adverse events (SAEs) will be recorded and addressed.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
ekaterini.giannopoulou@unige.ch0041223794068
alkisti.zekeridou@unige.ch0041223794031