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This study examines the effects of placebo suggestions tailored to match or mismatch individual participants' motivational styles-an issue of person-situation 'fit' with important effects in public health settings, but which has been ignored in past research.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Experimental | All participants will participate in two sessions, one with a placebo suggestion that matches the participant's motivational style, and one with placebo suggestion that does not match their motivational style, in a pseudo-random order. |
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| Control | Experimental | Each session will also include a control phase, in which the same cream will be applied, and participants will be instructed that the cream has no analgesic effects. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo cream- "promotion" suggestion | Behavioral | Over-the-counter hand cream will be applied to participants' skin, but they will be told that they are given a highly efficient topical analgesic cream. The suggestion will be based on a "promotion" approach (promoting good feelings). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in subjective ratings of acute thermal pain | Following each thermal stimulus, participants are asked to rate how painful it was, on a semi-circular computerized scale. Ratings are based on the angle (0-180), with higher angle representing higher pain ratings. We will average and compare the pain ratings within participant across interventions. | Measured repeatedly, immediately after thermal stimuli on the day of participation. Averaged and compared across interventions. |
| Changes in subjective ratings of pain expectations | Before each thermal stimulus, participants are asked to rate how painful they expect the next stimulus to be, on a semi-circular computerized scale. Ratings are based on the angle (0-180), with higher angle representing higher expectations ratings. We will average and compare the expectation ratings within participant across interventions. | Measured repeatedly, immediately before thermal stimuli on the day of participation. Averaged and compared across interventions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Facial expressions | We will obtain facial video recordings of participants with a video camera. We will analyze these data according to Facial Action Units (facial expressions) that are known to be related to pain, and compare them across interventions. | Immediate response measured during painful stimulation on the day of participation. Averaged and compared across interventions. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tor D Wager, PhD | Contact | (603)-646-2196 | Tor.D.Wager@Dartmouth.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tor D Wager, PhD | Dartmouth College | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dartmouth College | Hanover | New Hampshire | 03755 | United States |
All de-identified data will be publicly shared via public online platforms such as the Open Science Framework (OSF) and Github, and the NIMH Data Archive (NDA), according to the terms and conditions outlined on their website (https://ndar.nih.gov/contribute\_data\_sharing\_regimen.html). Identifying information will not be released, including the facial videos, of which only non-identifiable features will be extracted and shared.
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All data will be de-identified prior to sharing. Raw data will be submitted to NDA within one year from the end of data collection or 6 months from the acceptance date of the first primary study manuscript on the full dataset (excluding methods development papers), whichever is later. Analyzed data/maps of statistical results and models accompanying each paper will be submitted to NDA/OpenFMRI when the primary study manuscript is accepted.
These data would generally be made available to any qualified investigator for neuroimaging studies only including:
i. Research on any brain phenomenon; ii. Neuroimaging research on non-disease traits (intelligence, behavioral traits); iii. Methods development research.
The requesting investigator must provide documentation of local IRB approval.
These data would not be made available to:
i. Any criminal justice organization, because data may not be used for any criminal justice applications; ii. Any commercial entity, because use of the data is limited to not-for-profit organizations and data may not be used for any commercial purposes.
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Feb 14, 2020 | Nov 16, 2020 | ICF_000.pdf |
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This is a within-participant design. Each participant will participate in two sessions. In both sessions, an over-the-counter hand cream will be applied to their skin, accompanied by a placebo suggestion that the cream is analgesic. In one session, the suggestion will match the participant's motivational style, and in the other session the suggestion will not match their motivational style. The order of sessions will be counterbalanced across participants. Each session will also include a control condition, in which participants will be told that the cream has no affect. The same over-the-counter hand cream will be used in all sessions.
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Participants will not be aware of the type of suggestion (or the fact there are different types of suggestions) during the experiment. They will be debriefed upon the study's conclusion.
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| Placebo cream- "prevention" suggestion | Behavioral | Over-the-counter hand cream will be applied to participants' skin, but they will be told that they are given a highly efficient topical analgesic cream. The suggestion will be based on a "prevention" approach (preventing pain). |
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| Control cream | Behavioral | In a control condition, with the same cream as in the placebo interventions, participants will be instructed that the cream is a control cream with no effects. |
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| Thermal imaging of the face | We will obtain thermal recordings of participant's face with an infrared camera, and compare the heat signature of the face (the temperature in different parts of the face) across interventions. | Immediate response measured during painful stimulation on the day of participation. Averaged and compared across interventions. |
| Changes in skin conductance response measured with a Biopac device | Skin conductance will be measured. We will compare the skin conductance response to pain stimuli within participant across interventions. | Immediate response measured during painful stimulation on the day of participation. Averaged and compared across interventions. |
| Changes in heart rate measured with a Biopac device | Heart rate will be measured. We will compare the heart rate in response to pain stimuli within participant across interventions. | Immediate response measured during painful stimulation on the day of participation. Averaged and compared across interventions. |