A physical therapist will use video visits to evaluate the participants and provide exercise instructions from Week 1 to Week 4. Each participant will use the Blue Marble Health in Motion app from a mobile tablet to complete the exercise guided by an avatar at their own pace after receiving the exercise instructions from the physical therapist. Participants are encouraged to exercise three days a week and 30 minutes each day using the app for 6 months. The exercise protocol based on the evidence-based Otago program includes warm up, strengthening, and balance exercise.

3.5. Research Study Design and Data Analyses:

Number of participants completing the program

The Fall Risk Questionnaire (FRQ) is a self-reported questionnaire with 12 questions for fall risk factors. Each question is rated 0 for NO (negative) and 1 for YES (positive) for fall risk factor. The sum of scores from all questions is the test score. A FRQ score >=4 indicates increased fall risk. Higher scores correspond to higher fall risk.

The Activities-specific Balance Scale (ABC) is a self-reported questionnaire of balance confidence during daily activities with 16 items. Each item is rated from 0% (NO confidence) to 100% (Completely confident) on maintaining balance for a daily task. The average of scores from all items is the test score. An ABC score <=67% indicates increased fall risk. Lower scores correspond to high worse balance confidence and higher fall risk.

The PROMIS Global Health Scale v1.2 (PROMIS) is a self-reported questionnaire for health-related quality of life in physical and mental health domains.

Number of exercise trials completed by each participant

The 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30CST) measures functional lower extremity strength.

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) measures the time it takes a person to rise up form a chair, walk 10 feet at a normal pace, turn around and sit back down in the chair with or without a mobility device. The test measures mobility.