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COVID-19 infection causes a hypersensitive immune reaction and widespread inflammation through cytokines in various organs of the body, especially the lungs.
This cytokine-mediated widespread inflammation can also affect the thyroid gland, causing thyroiditis and impaired thyroid functions.
The researchers evaluated thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Researchers excluded patients on intensive care therapy and patients with known thyroid disease.
The researchers examined the relationship of thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies to COVID-19 disease, white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, and D-dimer stages in these patients. Researchers compared changes in thyroid hormones and autoantibodies in people without COVID-19 infection and without thyroid disease.
The coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) virus, which can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome through droplet, has caused the global Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 infection can be asymptomatic as well as lead to severe illness and even death. This virus causes a hypersensitive immune reaction and varying degrees of widespread inflammation through cytokines in various organs of the body, mainly the lungs.
Cytokine-mediated widespread inflammation caused by the virus may also affect the thyroid gland and thyrocytes, causing thyroiditis and impairment of thyroid functions. Thus, it may cause changes in thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies.
In study, the researchers found that in patients who were symptomatic with COVID-19 infection and who were hospitalized, thyroid function tests such as serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-thyroglobulin evaluated antibodies (TGAb). The investigators did not recruit patients in intensive care and patients with known thyroid disease.
Researchers looked at the association of patients' thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies with white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer from hospital archives. The researchers determined how the thyroid hormones and autoantibodies of patients with COVID-19 infection were compared with healthy individuals without COVID-19 infection and thyroid disease.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Covid Disease Patient Group | Researchers evaluated serum thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine hormones, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. The researchers evaluated the results of white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer in Covid-9 patients. |
| |
| Covid-Free Control Group | Researchers evaluated the results of serum thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine hormones, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer in the non-patient control group. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venous blood was collected for biochemistry testing. | Diagnostic Test | For the measurement of blood tests, 10 ml of blood samples were taken from the right forearm veins with a syringe. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Comparison of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) between groups | In the study, serum TSH results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days |
| Comparison of free triiodothyronine (fT3) between groups | In the study, serum fT3 results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days |
| Comparison of free thyroxine (fT4) between groups | In the study, serum fT4 results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days |
| Comparison of anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) between groups | In the study, serum anti-TPO results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days |
| Comparison of anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) between groups | In the study, serum anti-Tg results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days |
| White blood cells (WBC) results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum WBC results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |
| Neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (N/LO) results of Covid 19 patient group |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The results of screening thyroid blood tests of healthy people without thyroid disease will be compared with the records of the COVID 19 patient group who were hospitalized and treated with no known thyroid disease.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sabahattin Destek | Fatih | Istanbul | 34093 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32436948 | Background | Brancatella A, Ricci D, Viola N, Sgro D, Santini F, Latrofa F. Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jul 1;105(7):dgaa276. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa276. | |
| 32950466 | Background | Caron P. Thyroid disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection: From pathophysiological mechanism to patient management. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2020 Oct;81(5):507-510. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Sep 18. |
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The study will be shared when it becomes an article.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D013959 | Thyroid Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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In the study, serum N/LO results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups.
| 90 days |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum CRP results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |
| Fibrinogen results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum fibrinogen results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |
| Procalcitonin results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum procalcitonin results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |
| Ferritin results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum ferritin results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |
| D-dimer results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum D-dimer results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |
| 32843467 | Background | Mattar SAM, Koh SJQ, Rama Chandran S, Cherng BPZ. Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Aug 25;13(8):e237336. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237336. |
| 33013686 | Result | van Gerwen M, Alsen M, Little C, Barlow J, Naymagon L, Tremblay D, Sinclair CF, Genden E. Outcomes of Patients With Hypothyroidism and COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Aug 18;11:565. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00565. eCollection 2020. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |