This is retrospective study. The patients treated with oral propranolol at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg per day. Growth parameters (height and weight) were measured at the beginning, the end of treatment and 2 years after treatment. The weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) calculated by the WHO Anthro software were used to assess physical development, and the WHO Child Growth Standards were used as the standards.

Inclusion Criteria:

• IHs diagnosed by medical history and physical examination
• no previous treatment with other medications

Exclusion Criteria:

• a history or risk of asthma, reactive airway disease, impaired renal or liver function, heart defects or arrhythmia, hypotension and hypersensitivity to propranolol
• Infants who did not adhere to the treatments or attend follow-up visits
• Infants with other known risk factors for developmental delay or growth restriction, such as prematurity, small for gestational age, or other major congenital malformations, were also excluded
• No other treatment was used during the oral propranolol course

Overall, 52 males and 76 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.46, were included in this study. Of the 128 patients, 16 (12.5%) were born prematurely. The median age at the start of propranolol therapy was 3.75 months (0.5-12.5 months). Propranolol was administered for a median duration of 10.52 months (2-24 months).