delayed recruitment and lack of refinancing

The study will assess the potential benefit of implementing a complex bundle of interventions to treat important - often unrecognized - comorbidities in patients surviving an episode of Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure (AHRF). This study will also provide a comparative analysis of the costs and health consequences of two alternative strategies to inform decision making about healthcare. All interventions are individually evidence-based and seem sound to hypothesize that implementing such interventions might improve patient's outcome and reduce the financial burder of repeated hospitalization in AHRF survivors.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Consent form signed
• Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure defined as PaCO2 > 6.3 kPa requiring invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years old
• Known or suspected neuromuscular diseases
• Pregnancy
• Iatrogenic respiratory failure (i.e. drug overdose, AHRF after starting opiates or increasing opiates dose)
• Life expectancy < 3 months
• Confusion or major psychiatric illness
• Patient unable to be weaned from NIV