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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | OTHER_GOV |
| Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior. | OTHER_GOV |
| Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la TecnologÃa (COLCIENCIAS) |
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The proteins of human breast milk are the most important endocrine signaling system that promotes neonatal growth by increasing the release of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the leucine-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1- (mTORC1) signaling of pancreatic β-cells. Remarkably, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are involved in the growth-promoting effects of milk, protein biosynthesis, and metabolism because they physiologically stimulate insulin secretion The present study sought to investigate the effects of the combination of whey protein and casein in the ratio of 80:20 ("whey protein: casein" or "casein: whey protein") as breast milk proportion on the peak and the period of the permanence of branched-chain amino acids in the blood circulation, final metabolites of protein metabolism and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a single bout of fasting or a resistance exercise session.
The present study investigated the effects of the association of WP and casein in the ratio of 80:20, a similar ratio of human breast milk, on blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) profile by HPLC technique, markers of protein metabolism (creatinine, urea, and urine nitrogen) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a single bout of resistance exercise. A double-blind, crossover and acute study was conducted with ten men (age 29 ± 8 y; BMI: 25.4 ± 2.9 Kg/m2; 77 ± 12 kg; 1.74 ± 0.09 m) that were randomly assigned to five supplementation treatments: WP - whey protein; CAS - casein; WP/CAS - 80% WP/20% CAS; CAS/WP - 80% CAS/ 20% WP; PLA - placebo. Participants were submitted to the following evaluations: performance sessions, blood collection for each session for the BCAAs profile determination, two food records, 3-days assessment of DOMS (24h, 48h, 72h) after each treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protein Supplementation and Resistance exercise | Experimental | Protein supplementation composed of 20 gram of whey protein or casein in different proportions (80:20) and fasting state 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition |
|
| Placebo Supplementation | Placebo Comparator | Placebo supplementation composed of 20 gram of Maltodextrin and fasting state 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition |
|
| Resistance Training | Experimental | Resistance Exercise will be performed before supplementation and is composed by 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blend Protein Supplementation | Dietary Supplement | Protein supplementation using 20 grams of whey protein or casein mix. Acute Resistance training, 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1Maximum repetition |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in plasma amino acids concentration | Blood sample collected for analysis of BCAA concentration after blend protein or placebo supplementation expressed in (µmol/L) | 5 weeks |
| Change from baseline in 1RM test | Change of training load using RPE, time and load expressed in (a.u) | 5 weeks |
| Change in protein metabolism | Change in nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen balance after protein supplementation expressed in (g/24 hours) | 5 weeks |
| Changes from baseline in macronutrient intake | Change of macronutrient intake were calculated pre and post treatment expressed in (g/24 hours) | 5 weeks |
| Change in delayed onset muscle soreness | Change from baseline the delayed onset muscle soreness pre, post, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after treatment expressed in (a.u) | 5 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto. | Ribeirão Preto | São Paulo | 14049-900 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34201617 | Derived | Martinez Galan BS, Giolo De Carvalho F, Carvalho SCS, Cunha Brandao CF, Morhy Terrazas SI, Abud GF, Meirelles MSS, Sakagute S, Ueta Ortiz G, Marchini JS, Aristizabal JC, Cristini de Freitas E. Casein and Whey Protein in the Breast Milk Ratio: Could It Promote Protein Metabolism Enhancement in Physically Active Adults? Nutrients. 2021 Jun 23;13(7):2153. doi: 10.3390/nu13072153. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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|
| Placebo Supplementation | Dietary Supplement | Placebo supplementation using 20 grams of Maltodextrin. Acute Resistance training, 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1Maximum repetition |
|
|
| Resistance Exercise | Other | 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise |
|
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |