Prospective, open-label, single-arm, multicentre Phase 3 study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerability, and safety of subcutaneous human immunoglobulin (Newnorm) in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age of ≥2 years and ≤75 years
2. Documented and confirmed diagnosis of PID as defined by European Society of Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and the Pan American Group for Immune Deficiency (PAGID) and requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy due to hypogammaglobulinaemia or agammaglobulinaemia. The exact type of PID must be recorded.
3. At least 12 weeks of regular treatment before the screening visit (i.e., with a stable dosing interval) with any IVIG, SCIG, or fSCIG, with a stable IgG dose between 200 and 800 mg/kg/month. A stable dose is defined as one that deviates less than ±25% from the mean dose for all infusions within this 12-week period before screening.
4. Trough level of IgG ≥5 g/L at screening and documentation of an IgG trough level of ≥5 g/L at least once within the previous 12 weeks.
5. Freely given written informed consent from adult patients or freely given written informed consent from the patient's parent(s)/legal guardian(s) and written informed assent from paediatric or adolescent patients in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirements, before any study-specific procedure takes place.
6. Willingness to comply with all aspects of the protocol, including blood sampling, for the duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any acute infection requiring IV antibiotic treatment within 2 weeks before the screening visit or during the screening period, or any SBI within the 3 months prior to the screening visit or during the screening period.

2. The patient has isolated specific antibody deficiency disorder, isolated IgG subclass deficiency, or transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy.

3. Current medical condition or history of condition known to cause secondary immune deficiency, for example, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or chronic or recurrent neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1000/μL).

4. Known history of ADRs to IgA contained in other products.

5. Body mass index >40 kg/m2.

6. Exposure to blood or any blood product or plasma derivative other than IgG for PID within 3 months before the first infusion of Newnorm.

7. History of or ongoing severe hypersensitivity, e.g., anaphylaxis or severe systemic response, or persistent reactions to blood or plasma-derived products, or to any component of Newnorm (such as glycine).

8. Severe liver dysfunction (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] >3 times the upper limit of normal for the expected normal range for the testing laboratory) at screening.

9. Known protein-losing enteropathies or proteinuria (known urinary protein loss of >1 g/24 h, or dipstick proteinuria of ≥3+).

10. Moderate to severe renal dysfunction (per investigator discretion based on estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≤44 mL/min/1.73 m2, as defined by KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline) or predisposition to acute renal failure (e.g., any degree of pre-existing renal dysfunction in presence of additional acute renal failure risk factors, e.g. routine treatment with known nephrotoxic drugs).

11. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c > 7% / >53 mmol/mol).

12. Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure of ≥ 130 mmHg for the subject under 13 years of age, ≥ 140 mmHg for subject 13 to 17 years of age, and > 160 mmHg for adults).

13. Dysrhythmia/Tachycardia (resting heart rate > 100 bpm for adults/adolescents and > 120 bpm for children) and symptomatic bradycardia (resting heart rate < 60 bpm for adults, < 50 bpm for adolescents, and < 75 bpm for children in presence of symptoms e.g., low blood pressure, abnormal rhythm, chest discomfort, shortness of breath). Physiological sinus bradycardia in physically active adults/children/athletes is NOT an exclusion criterion).

14. The subject has a history of or current diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis or thromboembolism (e.g. myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack); history refers to an incident in the year prior to screening or 2 episodes over lifetime.

15. The subject is currently receiving anti-coagulation therapy which would make SC administration inadvisable (vitamin K antagonist, nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants [e.g. dabigatran etexilate targeting Factor IIa, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and apixaban targeting Factor Xa], parenteral anticoagulants [e.g. fondaparinux]).

16. Treatment with oral or parenteral steroids either

    1. at daily doses >0.3 mg/kg of prednisone (or equivalent) within the last 12 weeks before screening or
    2. bolus treatment of a daily dose greater than 1 mg/kg of prednisone (or equivalent) for longer than 10 days within the last 12 weeks before screening. Courses of corticosteroids (intermittent) of not more than 10 days would not exclude a patient. Inhaled or topical corticosteroids are allowed.

17. Treatment with systemic immunosuppressants including chemotherapeutic agents 1 year before screening or immunomodulatory drugs 12 weeks before the screening visit.

18. Live viral vaccination (such as measles, rubella, mumps, or varicella) within 1 month before the first infusion of Newnorm, during the study period, and within 3 months after last infusion of Newnorm. Note: Seasonal inactivated (killed) influenza vaccines (incl. H1N1) are allowed. COVID vaccines (mRNA vaccine and a non-replicating viral vector vaccine) are allowed.

19. Treatment with any investigational medicinal product (IMP) within 3 months before the screening visit.

20. Presence of any condition likely to interfere with the evaluation of Newnorm or with the compliant conduct of the study.

21. Known or suspected abuse of alcohol, drugs, and/or psychotropic agents within 12 months before screening.

22. Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1/2, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or positive for HIV-1/2, HBV, or HCV at screening.

23. Women who are breast feeding, pregnant, or planning to become pregnant, or are unwilling to use an effective birth control method (refer to protocol Section 7.4.10.b) while on study and for 30 days following the last dose of study drug.

24. Men who are unwilling to use birth control to prevent pregnancy for the duration of the study (unless the female partner