Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole vs Levofloxacin as Targeted Therapy for Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Infections: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole or Levofloxacin? A Retrospective Cohort Study of Targeted Therapy for Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Blood Stream and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

This study seeks to compare mortality outcomes of levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treated patients who have Stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood stream or lower respiratory tract infections by retrospectively analyzing a propensity-matched cohort from a large dataset of electronic health record data.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age and older
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia culture positive from blood or the following specified respiratory tract sites: sputum, tracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage and protected bronchial brush washings
• Received either levofloxacin or TMP/SMX targeted therapy
• Those patients that received empiric therapy with a consistent medication (for example, levofloxacin empirically in the levofloxacin targeted therapy cohort) were included

Exclusion Criteria:

• Received antimicrobial other than TMP/SMX and levofloxacin, with known activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (the list of antimicrobials that fit this exclusion criteria is: erythromycin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, tigecycline, doxycycline, eravacycline, ceftazidime, cefepime, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefiderocol, colistin, and chloramphenicol)
• Received inconsistent empiric therapy (for example, levofloxacin empirically in the TMP/SMX targeted therapy cohort) will be excluded from analysis
• Cystic fibrosis code present
• Organism resistant to therapy received