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Increased blood loss after vaginal or cesarean delivery is one of the top causes of maternal complications. Oxytocin is a common medication given to mothers by IV or an injection to limit the amount of blood loss after delivery. The investigators do not know the best time after delivery that oxytocin should be given. This research is being done to find out if starting the medication oxytocin right after the baby is born or after the placenta comes out decreases the amount of blood lost after birth when we delay cord clamping after birth.
The optimal timing of prophylactic oxytocin administration on both maternal and neonatal outcomes has not been definitively established with delayed cord clamping. Maternal considerations include the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, need for additional uterotonic medications, need for maternal transfusion, retained placenta, and postpartum drop in hemoglobin. Neonatal considerations include markers of neonatal well-being such as arterial pH and 5-minute Apgar score, as well as hemoglobin and bilirubin levels. There is currently no protocol on the timing of third stage prophylactic oxytocin and its administration is based on physician/ delivery provider's preference. The investigators propose a quality assessment initiative, through a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the blood loss between administrations of prophylactic oxytocin immediately after delivery of the neonate versus after delivery of the placenta with delayed cord clamping.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-placental group | Experimental | Oxytocin will be initiated immediately after delivery of the neonatal anterior shoulder (within 15 seconds). This is our "intervention" group. Saline placebo will be initiated post placenta delivery (within 15 seconds). |
|
| Post-placental group | Other | Saline placebo will be initiated post fetal shoulder delivery (within 15 seconds). Oxytocin will be initiated immediately after placenta delivery (within 15 seconds). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiation of standard postpartum oxytocin immediately following fetal shoulder delivery | Other | The intervention is to determine if initiating oxytocin as soon as the fetus is delivered decreased postpartum blood loss. 30 units in 500 milliliters of 0.9% sodium chloride |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Hemoglobin | Change defined as greater or equal to 1.0 g/dL (≥ 1 standard deviation (SD)) hemoglobin drop between the two arms following a vaginal delivery and greater or equal to 0.9 g/dL (≥ 1SD) following a cesarean delivery. | Up to 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cumulative Maternal Adverse Outcomes | Any adverse maternal outcome (adverse event) including blood transfusion or symptomatic anemia. | Postpartum, Up to 6 weeks |
| Cumulative Neonatal Adverse Outcomes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stephanie E. Purish, MD | Columbia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columbia University Irving Medical Center | New York | New York | 10032 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23843134 | Background | McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 11;2013(7):CD004074. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. | |
| 20687079 | Background | Soltani H, Hutchon DR, Poulose TA. Timing of prophylactic uterotonics for the third stage of labour after vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Aug 4;(8):CD006173. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006173.pub2. |
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Two parallel randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded studies. For this study we will include 52 scheduled cesarean sections and 52 vaginal deliveries as two separate cohorts.
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Randomization will be achieved using a computer generated algorithm. Both patient and provider will be unaware of the allocation arm.
| Initiation of standard postpartum oxytocin immediately following placenta delivery | Other | Standard of care includes oxytocin administration post-delivery regardless of delivery mode. This is the comparative group. 30 units in 500 milliliters of 0.9% sodium chloride |
|
| Saline Placebo | Other | Saline placebo will be initiated post placenta delivery (within 15 seconds). |
|
| Saline Placebo | Other | Saline placebo will be initiated post fetal shoulder delivery (within 15 seconds). |
|
Any adverse neonatal outcome (adverse event) including jaundice, hematocrit laboratory abnormality.
| Post Delivery, Up to 6 weeks |
| 27733286 | Background | GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016 Oct 8;388(10053):1775-1812. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31470-2. |
| 30278462 | Background | Rana N, Kc A, Malqvist M, Subedi K, Andersson O. Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping of Term Babies on Neurodevelopment at 12 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neonatology. 2019;115(1):36-42. doi: 10.1159/000491994. Epub 2018 Oct 2. |
| 26010418 | Background | Andersson O, Lindquist B, Lindgren M, Stjernqvist K, Domellof M, Hellstrom-Westas L. Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neurodevelopment at 4 Years of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Jul;169(7):631-8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0358. |
| 22089242 | Background | Andersson O, Hellstrom-Westas L, Andersson D, Domellof M. Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011 Nov 15;343:d7157. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d7157. |
| 28002310 | Background | Committee Opinion No. 684: Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;129(1):1. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001860. |
| 31742629 | Background | Purisch SE, Ananth CV, Arditi B, Mauney L, Ajemian B, Heiderich A, Leone T, Gyamfi-Bannerman C. Effect of Delayed vs Immediate Umbilical Cord Clamping on Maternal Blood Loss in Term Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Nov 19;322(19):1869-1876. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.15995. |
| 27732984 | Background | Hamm RF, Wang EY, Bastek JA, Srinivas SK. Assessing reVITALize: Should the Definition of Postpartum Hemorrhage Differ by Mode of Delivery? Am J Perinatol. 2017 Apr;34(5):503-507. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593535. Epub 2016 Oct 12. |
| 11641669 | Background | Jackson KW Jr, Allbert JR, Schemmer GK, Elliot M, Humphrey A, Taylor J. A randomized controlled trial comparing oxytocin administration before and after placental delivery in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Oct;185(4):873-7. doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.117363. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006473 | Postpartum Hemorrhage |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007744 | Obstetric Labor Complications |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D011644 | Puerperal Disorders |
| D014592 | Uterine Hemorrhage |
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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