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Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is characterized by symptoms of chronic orthostatic intolerance such as fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, palpitations and by pronounced tachycardia upon standing.
The aims of the present research study are to test whether a daily transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) performed for 14 consecutive days may improve heart rate response and reduce disabling symptoms while standing.
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is characterized by symptoms of chronic orthostatic intolerance such as fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, palpitations and by pronounced tachycardia without hypotension upon standing. In healthy volunteers, transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) may result in increased cardiac vagal activity and reduced vascular sympathetic drive with minimal, if any, side effects. It is possible to hypothesize that any therapeutic intervention aimed at increasing cardiac vagal modulation might result in clinical improvement of the disease.
The aim of the study are to evaluate the medium-term effects of tVNS, performed every day for a 14 days on cardiovascular autonomic profile and symptoms intensity in POTS patients.
Study and General Design
Phase 1- Enrollment:
23 POTS patients, older than 18 years of age, will be consecutively enrolled. Each POTS patient will undergo complete medical evaluation at the time of enrollment, which will take place seven days before baseline recordings (i.e. Control day, see below), in order to individually optimize the tVNS amplitude and get patients familiarized with both the tVNS procedure and the clinical laboratory environment. On the same day, 30-minute continuous tVNS will be delivered to the patients under rigorous medical and hemodynamic supervision to exclude any kind of short term adverse effects.
Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) will be performed using a noninvasive battery powered Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation device (Nemos ©; Cerbomed, Germany). Electrical stimulation will be delivered by external electrodes through the skin surface at the conca of right external ear. Electrical current will be applied continuously with a pulse width of 200 μs and pulse frequency of 25 Hz, differently from previous protocols. Stimulation amplitude will be adjusted between 0.1-6 milliampere (mA), to a maximal amplitude level without causing patient discomfort.
Phase 2 Sham tVNS and Effective tVNS:
In every subject continuous ECG, beat by beat non-invasive arterial pressure (Nexfin device), respiratory activity by thoracic piezoelectric belt will be recorded while supine and during 75° head-up tilt (rest-tilt protocol). After positioning the tVNS electrodes in the right ear but without delivering tVNS (Sham tVNS), above mentioned signals will be recorded for 10 minutes while supine, for 15 minutes during 75° head-up tilt. The same protocol will be repeated during stimulation amplitude will be adjusted to maximal tolerable level as assessed in Phase 1 (effective acute tVNS).
The Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS 31) COMPASS 31 will be used to quantify the following autonomic symptoms: orthostatic intolerance, vasomotor, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, urinary and pupillomotor dysfunction symptoms .
Phase 3-Home daily stimulation:
Thereafter, every patient will be provided with a Nemos© device and electrodes for home daily stimulation. Daily stimulation will consist of 4 hours of stimulation organized as 4 sessions each lasting 1 hour, to be applied at the patient's convenience.
Phase 4- Post- 14-day tVNS. After 14 days of home daily tVNS, all the patients will undergo the rest-tilt protocol described in Phase 2.
COMPASS 31 questionnaire will be administered while supine and during 75° head-up Tilt
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) | Experimental | After positioning the tVNS electrodes in the right ear but without delivering tVNS (Sham tVNS), above mentioned signals will be recorded for 10 minutes while supine, for 15 minutes during 75° head-up tilt. The same protocol will be performed during active tVNS. The tVNS will be performed while 15 minutes in supine position and during 75°head-up Tilt. Thereafter, every patient will be provided with a Nemos© device and electrodes for home daily stimulation. Daily stimulation will consist of 4 hours of stimulation organized as 4 sessions each lasting 1 hour, to be applied at the patient's convenience. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) | Device | Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) will be performed using a noninvasive battery powered Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation device (Nemos ©; Cerbomed, Germany). Electrical stimulation will be delivered by external electrodes through the skin surface at the conca of right external ear. Electrical current will be applied continuously with a pulse width of 200 μs and pulse frequency of 25 Hz. Stimulation amplitude will be adjusted between 0.1-6 mA, to a maximal amplitude level without causing patient discomfort. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Autonomic symptoms | Autonomic symptoms will be assessed by the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS 31) questionnaire. This is based on 31 items and a score ranging from 0 to100, 0 being the absence of symptom and 100 the greatest symptom intensity. The COMPASS 31 will be used to quantify the following autonomic symptoms: orthostatic intolerance, vasomotor, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, urinary and pupillomotor dysfunction symptoms. | Change from baseline Autonomic symptoms at 14 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Heart rate | Change of Cardiovascular autonomic profile | Change from baseline cardiovascular autonomic profile at 14 days |
| Change in blood pressure | Change of Cardiovascular autonomic profile |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maura Minonzio, SD | Contact | +390282246753 | maura.minonzio@humanitas.it | |
| Franca Barbic, MD | Contact | +390282246753 | franca.barbic@humanitas.it |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Raffaello Furlan, Prof | Humanitas Research Hospital; Humanitas University | Study Director |
| Franca Barbic, MD | Humanitas Research Hospital; Humanitas University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humanitas Research Hospital | Recruiting | Rozzano | 20089Raffaello | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23753844 | Background | Raj SR. Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Circulation. 2013 Jun 11;127(23):2336-42. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.144501. No abstract available. | |
| 10037110 | Background | Robertson D; New Collective Author. The epidemic of orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance. Am J Med Sci. 1999 Feb;317(2):75-7. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199902000-00001. No abstract available. |
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|
|
| Placebo | Other | tVNS electrodes will be positioned in the right ear of the POTS patients without delivering stimulus (Sham) |
|
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| Home daily transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation | Device | The home stimulation will consist of 4 hours of stimulation by the tVNS device organized as a 4 sessions of 1 hour. The home stimulation will last for 14 consecutive days. |
|
| Change from baseline cardiovascular autonomic profile at 14 days |
| Change in respiration rate | Change of Cardiovascular autonomic profile | Change from baseline cardiovascular autonomic profile at 14 days |
| Dana Shiffer, MD |
| Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan |
| Principal Investigator |
| 9815870 | Background | Furlan R, Jacob G, Snell M, Robertson D, Porta A, Harris P, Mosqueda-Garcia R; New Collective Author. Chronic orthostatic intolerance: a disorder with discordant cardiac and vascular sympathetic control. Circulation. 1998 Nov 17;98(20):2154-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.98.20.2154. |
| 25164906 | Background | Clancy JA, Mary DA, Witte KK, Greenwood JP, Deuchars SA, Deuchars J. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in healthy humans reduces sympathetic nerve activity. Brain Stimul. 2014 Nov-Dec;7(6):871-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.07.031. Epub 2014 Jul 16. |
| 22568773 | Background | Napadow V, Edwards RR, Cahalan CM, Mensing G, Greenbaum S, Valovska A, Li A, Kim J, Maeda Y, Park K, Wasan AD. Evoked pain analgesia in chronic pelvic pain patients using respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation. Pain Med. 2012 Jun;13(6):777-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01385.x. Epub 2012 May 8. |
| 20579544 | Background | Fu Q, Vangundy TB, Galbreath MM, Shibata S, Jain M, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Levine BD. Cardiac origins of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 22;55(25):2858-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.043. |
| 27388046 | Background | Murray AR, Atkinson L, Mahadi MK, Deuchars SA, Deuchars J. The strange case of the ear and the heart: The auricular vagus nerve and its influence on cardiac control. Auton Neurosci. 2016 Aug;199:48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Jun 28. |
| 10694528 | Background | Furlan R, Porta A, Costa F, Tank J, Baker L, Schiavi R, Robertson D, Malliani A, Mosqueda-Garcia R; New Collective Author. Oscillatory patterns in sympathetic neural discharge and cardiovascular variables during orthostatic stimulus. Circulation. 2000 Feb 29;101(8):886-92. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.101.8.886. |
| 8392653 | Background | Low PA. Composite autonomic scoring scale for laboratory quantification of generalized autonomic failure. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993 Aug;68(8):748-52. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60631-4. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054971 | Orthostatic Intolerance |
| D054972 | Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome |
| D013575 | Syncope |
| D054969 | Primary Dysautonomias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001342 | Autonomic Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D014474 | Unconsciousness |
| D003244 | Consciousness Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
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