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undertake confidently both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Major types of body injuries surgical or accidental; evoke a temporary, yet predictable systemic inflammatory response caused by hormonal, immunological and metabolic mediators. This inflammatory response is essential for tissue repair and has evolved to maximize the organisms' healing potential. In healthy individuals the inflammatory response to major surgery is well balanced consisting of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. The severity of injury, the occurrence of surgical complications and its accompanying level of stress may hinder the balance of the inflammatory response6.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| G-M | Active Comparator | Received classic general Anesthesia, intrathecal (Bupivacaine 15 mg, morphine 4 microgram/kg) plus saline infusion intraoperative and postoperative. |
|
| G-ML | Active Comparator | Received classic general Anesthesia, intrathecal morphine in a dose of 4 microgram/kg, and intravenous lidocaine in a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg, then 2 mg/min with the saline infusion over the time of the operation and the next 4 hours postoperative. |
|
| G-0 | Placebo Comparator | Received General Anesthesia and Spinal anesthesia as previously described with saline infusion in the same design as in the previous two groups. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morphine Sulfate | Drug | intrathecal morphine will be added to anaesthetics |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual analogue score | a scale to measure pain intensity graded from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain | 24 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esam A. Hamed | Asyut | 71515 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009020 | Morphine |
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009022 | Morphine Derivatives |
| D009019 | Morphinans |
| D053610 | Opiate Alkaloids |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
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| morphine+lidocaine |
| Drug |
local anesthetic will be infused intravenously |
|
| Saline | Drug | intravenous saline infusion |
|
| D006571 |
| Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D006576 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D010616 | Phenanthrenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D017670 | Sodium Compounds |