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This is a randomized controlled trial study. We evaluate effectiveness of maternal exercise on anxiety during normal pregnancy compared to those who receive antenatal care regularly. We plan to recruit 220 healthy pregnant women over the age of 18 in Shenzhen and to use a standard maternal exercise from Korea as intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| maternal exercise training group | Experimental | Pregnant women in experimental group are invited to participate in 16 exercise weekly classes for 40 min including 15 min aerobic exercise，10 min relaxation exercise, and 15 min aerobic exercise, from week 16 to week 32 of gestation, and receive antenatal care and examination regularly. |
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| antenatal care group | No Intervention | Pregnant women in antenatal care group receive antenatal care and examination regularly. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| maternal exercise | Behavioral | The maternal exercise is broadly practiced by pregnant women in China. It is designed by a team led by Shen Shanmei, a professor of Maternity Exercises at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of First Hospital in Korea. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline of State Anxiety at 32 Weeks of Gestation | We use state anxiety subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) as the measure of anxiety severity. The STAI comprises two-self report scales for measuring two distinct anxiety concepts, the State anxiety and Trait anxiety. Both scales contain 20 statements that ask the respondent to describe how she feels at a particular moment (state anxiety) or how she generally feels (trait anxiety). State anxiety is conceptualized as a transitory emotional state, where as trait anxiety refers to relatively stable individual differences in proneness to anxiety. The respondents are required to rate themselves on a four point likert scale 'not at all' to 'very much so on' various anxiety related symptoms which they experience in the past weeks for the state scale or how they generally feel for the trait scale. STAI is widely used and has been shown to have high reliability and validity with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 and 0.83 for state (STAI-I) and trait anxiety (STAI-II) respectively. | The participants are examined between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation (baseline visit) and at gestation week 32 (after the intervention). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline of Depressive Symptom at 32 Weeks of Gestation | We use Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-â…¡) as the measure of depressive symptom severity. The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report measure of common depressive symptoms. Each item has four possible responses, and higher total scores are indicative of a greater number and severity of depressive symptoms. Scores ranging from 0 to 13 indicate minimal/no symptoms, 14-19 indicate mild depression, 20-28 indicate moderate depression, and 29-63 indicate severe depression. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| The participants are examined between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation (baseline visit) and at gestation week 32 (after the intervention). |
| Change from Baseline of Pain at 32 Weeks of Gestation | We use Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) as the measure of the severity of pain. The pain intensity section of the BPI is composed by four items that are scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain), while the functional interference section is composed by seven items that are scored from 1 (no interference with activities of daily living) to 10 (total interference). The severity index is calculated on the basis of the mean of the four pain intensity items, and interference index is calculated from the mean of the seven pain interference items. | The participants are examined between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation (baseline visit) and at gestation week 32 (after the intervention). |