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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Thessaly | OTHER |
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Primary objective of our study is to develop and validate an internet-based digital near and intermediate-vision reading test in the greek language.
Present study aims to develop and validate a computer-based digital near-vision reading test (web Democritus Digital Acuity Reading Test - wDDART) based on the validated digital DDART.
Specifically, present study aims to develop a new online reading test (wDDART) based on the corresponding digital DDART reading test for Windows and to evaluate the level of agreement between the two reading tests, as well as test-retest reliability of the online wDDART reading test.
The first part of the study is the development of the online reading test, which will include the following new smart features:
The second part of this study is the clinical validation of the online wDDART reading test. In this part, four reading parameters measured with the digital and the online version are compared. These parameters are the following:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group |
These patients are tested on the digital reading test DDART. |
| |
| Study group | The same patients as those in the control group (NVG, LVG) are tested on the online version of the Greek digital reading test DDART (wDDART). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDART Testing | Diagnostic Test | One randomly selected eye is included for each study participant. Participants respond to the DDART near vision test with defined environmental conditions at 40 cm viewing distance. All four parameters (RA, MRS, CPS and ACC) are evaluated. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reading Acuity (RA) | The smallest print that can be read by the patient easily (measured in logMAR). It is calculated by the following formula: RA = 1.4 - (sentences x 0.1) + (errors x 0.01). | through study completion, an average of 3 months |
| Maximum Reading Speed (MRS) | The patient's reading speed (measured in wpm) when reading is not limited by print size. It is calculated by averaging the reading speed of the sentences with print size larger than the CPS. | through study completion, an average of 3 months |
| Critical Print Size (CPS) | The smallest print size (measured in logMAR) that can be read with the MRS, i.e., with speed greater than or equal to the average reading speed of the larger logMAR print sentences minus 1.96 times the standard deviation (SD) of the reading speed of these sentences. | through study completion, an average of 3 months |
| Accessibility Index (ACC) | The mean reading speed of the 10 largest print sizes at 40 cm (1.3 to 0.4 logMAR), divided by 200 wpm, which is the mean reading speed of normally sighted young adults aged 18 to 39 years old. This parameter was designed for better evaluation of one's access to text across the range of the 10 most common print sizes found in everyday life. For instance, a value of 0 means no access to commonly encountered printed material, while 1.0 is the mean value for normally sighted young adults that indicates reading fluency within the everyday life print sizes. | through study completion, an average of 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) for study participants | Level of agreement between the digital and the online version are evaluated by calculation of the ICCs for the 4 reading parameters (RA, MRS, CPS, ACC). | through study completion, an average of 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) | Test-retest reliability of the internet-based reading test wDDART is evaluated by ICCs for the 4 reading parameters (RA, MRS, CPS, ACC). | through study completion, an average of 3 months |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Normal- and low-sighted participants aged 18 to 75 years
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Georgios Labiris, MD, PhD | Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis | Alexandroupoli | Evros | 68100 | Greece | ||
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33102611 | Result | Labiris G, Panagiotopoulou EK, Chatzimichael E, Tzinava M, Mataftsi A, Delibasis K. Introduction of a digital near-vision reading test for normal and low vision adults: development and validation. Eye Vis (Lond). 2020 Oct 22;7:51. doi: 10.1186/s40662-020-00216-0. eCollection 2020. | |
| 34588763 | Derived | Labiris G, Panagiotopoulou EK, Duzha E, Tzinava M, Perente A, Konstantinidis A, Delibasis K. Development and Validation of a Web-Based Reading Test for Normal and Low Vision Patients. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 22;15:3915-3929. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S314943. eCollection 2021. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011305 | Presbyopia |
| D012030 | Refractive Errors |
| D015354 | Vision, Low |
| D009216 | Myopia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| wDDART Testing | Diagnostic Test | One randomly selected eye is included for each study participant. Participants respond to the wDDART near vision test with defined environmental conditions at 40 cm viewing distance. All four parameters (RA, MRS, CPS and ACC) are evaluated. |
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| Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly |
| LamÃa |
| Thessaly |
| 35100 |
| Greece |
| D009422 |
| Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |