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Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of green tea mouthwash on the oral health status (OHS) in oral cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: mouthwash with green tea (intervention) group or tap water (control) group. The intervention group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml green tea solution for 60 seconds at least twice daily, and the control group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml tap water for 60 seconds at least twice daily. The primary outcome was OHS, which was evaluated according to the Oral Assessment Guide and measured at seven time points by the same researcher. Time 0 (T0) corresponded to baseline, and Time 1-6 (T1-T6) corresponded to monthly outpatient follow-ups until six months.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| mouthwash with green tea group | Experimental | The intervention group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml green tea solution for 60 seconds at least twice daily. |
|
| mouthwash with tap water group | Placebo Comparator | The control group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml tap water for 60 seconds at least twice daily. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouthwash with green tea | Other | All patients received instructions for using the Bass brushing method to brush their teeth with a soft small-headed toothbrush. The intervention group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml green tea solution for 60 seconds at least twice daily. For the preparation of the green tea mouthwash, green tea solution was made with 5 g (1 teaspoon) of green tea powder dissolved in 100 ml water to produce 5% green tea mouthwash, as described in a previous study (Eshghpour, et al., 2013). The green tea powder was ground from Camelia sinensis leaves and regularly provided by the researcher. The green tea solution is made for a single use and remade before rinsing each time. When patients return to the outpatient monthly, the researcher first confirms patients' compliance, then assists with solving difficulties and gives encouragement. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| oral health status (OHS) | Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. | Time 0 (T0) corresponded to baseline |
| oral health status (OHS) | Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. | Time 1(T1) corresponded to the 1 month after recruitment. |
| oral health status (OHS) | Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. | Time 2(T2) corresponded to the 2nd month after recruitment. |
| oral health status (OHS) | Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. | Time 3(T3) corresponded to the 3th month after recruitment. |
| oral health status (OHS) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital | Chiayi City | 60002 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34186380 | Derived | Liao YC, Hsu LF, Hsieh LY, Luo YY. Effectiveness of green tea mouthwash for improving oral health status in oral cancer patients: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Sep;121:103985. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103985. Epub 2021 May 25. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009062 | Mouth Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006258 | Head and Neck Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009067 | Mouthwashes |
| D013662 | Tea |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001697 | Biomedical and Dental Materials |
| D020313 | Specialty Uses of Chemicals |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D003358 | Cosmetics |
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Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: mouthwash with green tea (intervention) group or tap water (control) group. The intervention group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml green tea solution for 60 seconds at least twice daily, and the control group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml tap water for 60 seconds at least twice daily.
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Because of the nature of the intervention, only the data analyst was blinded to the meaning of the group assignment code.
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|
| mouthwash with tap water group | Other | All patients received instructions for using the Bass brushing method to brush their teeth with a soft small-headed toothbrush. The control group rinsed the mouth with 100 ml tap water for 60 seconds at least twice daily. |
|
Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. |
| Time 4(T4) corresponded to the 4th month after recruitment. |
| oral health status (OHS) | Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. | Time 5(T5) corresponded to the 5th month after recruitment. |
| oral health status (OHS) | Patients' oral health status (OHS) was assessed according to the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) by the same researcher. The OAG consists of eight items: voice, swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva and teeth or dentures. Each item is rated by a grading of 1 (normal) to 3 (severe). Sum scores between 8-24 points and a higher score indicate poorer OHS. | Time 6(T6) corresponded to the 6th month after recruitment. |
| D009057 |
| Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
| D028321 | Plant Preparations |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D001628 | Beverages |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |