| Primary | Change in Stressor Demands, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Stressor demands were measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel stressed, anxious, overwhelmed" and "I feel strained, upset, overburdened." The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater stressor demands. Stressor demands were assessed at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of stressor demands immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in stressor demands was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). | | OG001 | No Intervention | Participants continued their normal activities and did not practice any form of mindfulness mediation at the time of app-notification. |
| | Units | Counts |
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| Participants | | | Decision points | |
| | Title | Denominators | Categories |
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| | | Title | Measurements |
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| - OG000-.0950± .84983
- OG001.0009± .74960
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| Primary | Change in Negative Affect, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Negative affect was measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel sad, downhearted, unhappy" and "I feel angry, irritated, frustrated." The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater negative affect. Negative affect was measured at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of negative affect immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in negative affect was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Coping Resources, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Coping resources were measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel in control, coping well, on top of things" and "I feel capable, competent, managing well." The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater coping resources. Coping resources were measured at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of coping resources immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in coping resources was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Positive Affect, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Positive affect was measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel joyful, glad, happy", "I feel calm, peaceful, quiet" and "I feel grateful, appreciative, thankful." The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater positive affect. Positive affect was assessed at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of positive affect immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Changes in positive affect was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Perseverative Cognitions, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Perseverative cognitions were measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel worried, concerned, uneasy" and "I dwell, ruminate, brood on my personal problems and feelings." The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater perseverative cognitions (greater rumination/worry). Perseverative cognitions were assessed at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of perseverative cognitions immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in perseverative cognitions was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Self-criticism, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Self-criticism were measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel self-critical, self-blaming, self-loathing" and "I feel inadequate, not good enough, unworthy." The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater self-criticism. Self-criticism was assessed at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of self-criticism immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in self-criticism was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Social Connection, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Social connection was measured by computing a total mean score of "I feel love, closeness, trust" and "I feel lonely, isolated, disconnected" [reverse coded]). The total mean score ranges from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating greater social connection. Social connection was assessed at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of social connection immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in social connection was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Contextualized Stressor Demands, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Participants were asked about current stressors ("Is there a stressful situation in your day right now?") using a 7-point scale (1 = "not at all"; 7 = "extremely"). If a response other than "not at all" was endorsed, contextualized stressor demands ("How demanding is it to deal with this situation well right now?") was measured on a 7-point scale (1 = "not at all"; 7 = "extremely") at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of contextualized stressor demands immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in contextualized stressor demands was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant at which they were asked about current stressors ("Is there a stressful situation in your day right now?"). If a response other than "not at all" was endorsed, contextualized stressor demands were assessed. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Contextualized Coping Resources, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Participants were asked about current stressors ("Is there a stressful situation in your day right now?") using a 7-point scale (1 = "not at all"; 7 = "extremely"). If a response other than "not at all" was endorsed, contextualized coping resources ("Do you feel like you can handle this situation well right now?") were measured on a 7-point scale (1 = "not at all"; 7 = "extremely") at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of contextualized coping resources immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in contextualized coping resources was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant at which they were asked about current stressors ("Is there a stressful situation in your day right now?"). If a response other than "not at all" was endorsed, contextualized coping resources were assessed. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Secondary | Change in Negative Stressor Impact, as Measured by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) | Participants were asked about current stressors ("Is there a stressful situation in your day right now?") using a 7-point scale (1 = "not at all"; 7 = "extremely"). If a response other than "not at all" was endorsed, negative stressor impact ["How much does this situation negatively impact you right now (e.g., interferes with your well-being or functioning)?"] was measured on a 7-point scale (1 = "not at all"; 7 = "extremely") at notification time points 3 times/day over a 30-day period. At each notification time point, participants completed EMAs of negative stressor impact immediately prior to intervention randomization (pre-EMA) and approximately 15 minutes post randomization (post-EMA). Change in negative stressor impact was calculated as post-EMA minus pre-EMA. | All 53 participants were included in the analysis. There was a total of 90 possible decision points per participant at which they were asked about current stressors ("Is there a stressful situation in your day right now?"). If a response other than "not at all" was endorsed, negative stressor impact were assessed. Unimputed data are reported here. | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | From pre-EMA (immediately prior to intervention randomization) to post-EMA, approximately 15 minutes post-randomization, over a period of 30 days. | Decision points | Decision points | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Intervention | Participants were randomly assigned to an app-based intervention that included brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness and compassion-based practices. Mindfulness-based intervention, up to 5 minutes 0-3 times/day: The intervention consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices that were selected to maximize their effect on stress targets. Interventions included, for example, practices that focused on the breath/body (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses mediation), on increasing participants' inner resources (e.g., imaging a safe person or safe place), on reducing negative affect (e.g., self-compassion and acceptance-based practices), or on increasing positive emotions (e.g., gratitude practice; metta practices). |
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| Other Pre-specified | Change in Depressive Symptoms, as Measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). | The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) has a total score scale range of 0 to 27, with higher values indicating more depressive symptoms. Change in depressive symptoms was calculated as post-intervention minus baseline values. | Participants who completed both pre and post measures were included (n = 51). | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | Baseline to post-intervention, over a period of 30 days. | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Micro-intervention | Overview: The study used a micro-randomized trial design in which participants received app-notifications three times/day (morning, afternoon, evening). At each notification time-point, participants had a 50% chance of receiving either a mindfulness-based intervention or no intervention (described below). Thus, each participant was randomized many times over this 30-day study. Mindfulness-based intervention: Participants randomly assigned to an app-based mindfulness intervention were instructed to do a brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness practice. The intervention was randomly selected out of 12 practices that consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses meditation, imagining a safe person or safe place, self-compassion and acceptance-based practices; gratitude practice; metta practices). No intervention: Participants randomly assigned to "no intervention" just continued their normal activities; they did not practice any form of mindfulness mediation at the time of app-notification. |
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| Other Pre-specified | Change in Perceived Stress, as Measured by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) has a total score scale range of 0 to 40, with higher values indicating higher perceived stress. Change in perceived stress was calculated as post-intervention minus baseline values. | Participants who completed both pre and post measures were included (n = 51). | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | Baseline to post-intervention, over a period of 30 days. | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Micro-intervention | Overview: The study used a micro-randomized trial design in which participants received app-notifications three times/day (morning, afternoon, evening). At each notification time-point, participants had a 50% chance of receiving either a mindfulness-based intervention or no intervention (described below). Thus, each participant was randomized many times over this 30-day study. Mindfulness-based intervention: Participants randomly assigned to an app-based mindfulness intervention were instructed to do a brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness practice. The intervention was randomly selected out of 12 practices that consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses meditation, imagining a safe person or safe place, self-compassion and acceptance-based practices; gratitude practice; metta practices). No intervention: Participants randomly assigned to "no intervention" just continued their normal activities; they did not practice any form of mindfulness mediation at the time of app-notification. |
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| Other Pre-specified | Change in Anxiety, as Measured by the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Questionnaire | The 7-item General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire assesses symptoms of anxiety in the past 2 weeks. The total score scale ranges from 0 to 21, with higher values indicating higher anxiety. Change in anxiety was calculated as post-intervention minus baseline values. | Participants who completed both pre and post measures were included (n = 51). | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | Baseline to post-intervention, over a period of 30 days. | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | Mindfulness-based Micro-intervention | Overview: The study used a micro-randomized trial design in which participants received app-notifications three times/day (morning, afternoon, evening). At each notification time-point, participants had a 50% chance of receiving either a mindfulness-based intervention or no intervention (described below). Thus, each participant was randomized many times over this 30-day study. Mindfulness-based intervention: Participants randomly assigned to an app-based mindfulness intervention were instructed to do a brief (<5 min) audio-guided mindfulness practice. The intervention was randomly selected out of 12 practices that consisted of mindfulness and compassion-based practices (e.g., 3 minute breathing space; compassionate body scan; five senses meditation, imagining a safe person or safe place, self-compassion and acceptance-based practices; gratitude practice; metta practices). No intervention: Participants randomly assigned to "no intervention" just continued their normal activities; they did not practice any form of mindfulness mediation at the time of app-notification. |
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