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Since the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak spread over the world, conducting in a pandemic state declared by the world health organization in March 2020. Conflicting data have been yet published regarding to the incidence rate of COVID-19 infection in altitude. Mainly based on analysis from national Peru database, some authors argued that COVID-19 disease, as well as case fatality rate was less frequent in altitude. However, epidemiological data are lacking regarding to the prevalence of COVID-19 in altitude, and more specially in high altitude.
Aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence of seroconversion for the SARS-CoV-2 in the population of La Rinconada, a mining town at 5,100 m, the highest city in the world.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic test (COVID-PRESTO® IgM/IgG, AAZ, Boulogne-Billancourt, France) | Diagnostic Test | Presence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM or IgG). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Prevalence of seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2. | Through study completion, an average of 1 week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 2. Occupational and environmental exposures associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. | Through study completion, an average of 1 week |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Age > 18 years.
Exclusion Criteria:
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Inhabitants of La Rinconda, coming to a medical consultation connected to a scientific research project (Expedition5300).
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| La Rinconada | Puno | Peru |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33054403 | Result | Castagnetto JM, Segovia-Juarez J, Gonzales GF. Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 Infections Do Not Change with Increasing Altitudes from 1,000 to 4,700 m. High Alt Med Biol. 2020 Dec;21(4):428-430. doi: 10.1089/ham.2020.0173. Epub 2020 Oct 13. No abstract available. | |
| 32971150 | Result | Seclen SN, Nunez-Robles E, Yovera-Aldana M, Arias-Chumpitaz A. Incidence of COVID-19 infection and prevalence of diabetes, obesity and hypertension according to altitude in Peruvian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Nov;169:108463. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108463. Epub 2020 Sep 22. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D000532 | Altitude Sickness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| 32679369 | Result | Segovia-Juarez J, Castagnetto JM, Gonzales GF. High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020 Oct;281:103494. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103494. Epub 2020 Jul 15. |
| 32815745 | Result | Woolcott OO, Bergman RN. Mortality Attributed to COVID-19 in High-Altitude Populations. High Alt Med Biol. 2020 Dec;21(4):409-416. doi: 10.1089/ham.2020.0098. Epub 2020 Aug 17. |
| 32803989 | Result | Intimayta-Escalante C, Rojas-Bolivar D, Hancco I. Letter to the Editor: Influence of Altitude on the Prevalence and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 in Peru. High Alt Med Biol. 2020 Dec;21(4):426-427. doi: 10.1089/ham.2020.0133. Epub 2020 Aug 14. No abstract available. |
| 32333993 | Result | Arias-Reyes C, Zubieta-DeUrioste N, Poma-Machicao L, Aliaga-Raduan F, Carvajal-Rodriguez F, Dutschmann M, Schneider-Gasser EM, Zubieta-Calleja G, Soliz J. Does the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus decrease at high-altitude? Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020 Jun;277:103443. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103443. Epub 2020 Apr 22. |
| 34197184 | Derived | Champigneulle B, Hancco I, Renan R, Doutreleau S, Stauffer E, Pichon A, Brugniaux JV, Pere H, Bouzat P, Veyer D, Verges S. High-Altitude Environment and COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in the Highest City in the World. High Alt Med Biol. 2024 Sep;25(3):218-222. doi: 10.1089/ham.2021.0020. Epub 2021 Jul 1. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |