Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Abemaciclib, Ribociclib, or Palbociclib in Treating Patients With Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases

Evaluation of Radiosurgery With Concurrent Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Brain Metastases

This phase I trial studies the side effects of stereotactic radiosurgery with abemaciclib, ribociclib, or palbociclib in treating patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer that has spread to the brain (brain metasteses). Stereotactic radiosurgery is a specialized radiation therapy that delivers a single, high dose of radiation directly to the tumor and may cause less damage to normal tissue. Abemaciclib, ribociclib, and palbociclib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving abemaciclib, ribociclib, or palbociclib concurrently with stereotactic radiosurgery may reduce the side effects and/or increase the response to each of the therapies.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. Prospectively evaluate safety and toxicity of the combination of radiosurgery (SRS) and concurrent CDK 4/6 inhibitors (CDKi) for hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer patients.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluate late toxicity (after 3 months) following SRS and concurrent CDKi. II. Evaluate local control efficacy with combination therapy of SRS and concurrent CDKi.

III. Assess quality of life and neurologic functional outcomes following treatment using standardized questionnaire (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain [FACT-Br]).

IV. Analyze overall survival.

OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 3 groups.

GROUP I: Beginning within 2 weeks prior to stereotactic radiosurgery, patients receive abemaciclib orally (PO) twice daily (BID). Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

GROUP II: Beginning within 2 weeks prior to stereotactic radiosurgery, patients receive ribociclib PO once daily (QD) on days 1-21. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

GROUP III: Beginning within 2 weeks prior to stereotactic radiosurgery, patients receive palbociclib PO QD on days 1-21. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days, 4-6 weeks post stereotactic radiosurgery, and then every 3 months for up to 1 year.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pathologic diagnosis of hormone receptor positive (estrogen receptor >= 1 percent or progesterone receptor >= 1 percent) with HER2 negative status, past treatment, or systemic disease status with current clinical diagnosis of up to 10 brain metastases based on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain
• Plan to start or currently receiving an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDKi), which must be started no later than 2 weeks prior to planned radiosurgery with plan to continue CDKi following radiosurgery
• Up to 10 brain metastases =< 3 centimeters in greatest dimension, measured on radiation planning MRI
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)/Zubrod 0-1, or Karnofsky performance status 70-100
• Contrast-enhanced MRI brain within 4 weeks of radiosurgical intervention (radiation planning MRI)
• Patients must be able to sign informed consent prior to study entry, including assent to standard of care post-treatment surveillance contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
• Patients who are enrolled in the study, and who continue to be prescribed CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy and develop new brain metastases deemed treatable by radiosurgery, are specifically allowed to be re-treated while on study, and the new treated lesions will be separately counted by treatment category (1 to 3, 4 to 6, or 7 to 10 new treated lesions)
• Patients with prior treated brain metastases (radiosurgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy, or surgery) are eligible for the study regardless of prior history of asymptomatic or symptomatic radiation necrosis and may not be excluded from the study if that is the sole basis for exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with current or prior invasive malignancy unless disease free for minimum of 1 year

• Brain metastases > 3 cm

• Brain lesions causing midline shift or herniation > 1 cm

• Patients with unirradiated post-neurosurgical metastasectomy resection cavities, unless disease-free in the surgical bed for >= 6 months, are prohibited from pilot study enrollment

• No patients who require resection cavity radiation for treatment of a resected brain metastasis (i.e.: standard of care treatment) are eligible for enrollment

• Receipt of chemotherapeutic agents (other than CDK4/6 inhibitors or hormone receptor-related targeted agents) within 2 weeks of planned radiosurgery date

• Prior whole brain or craniospinal radiotherapy

• Fractionated radiation to unrelated central nervous system (CNS) tumor

• Concurrent malignant CNS tumor

• Recurrent or progressive brain metastasis necessitating surgical or medical intervention (i.e.: a non-radiotherapy intervention such as steroids)

• Recurrence or progressive brain metastasis from prior surgical resection necessitating surgical or medical intervention (i.e.: a non-radiotherapy intervention)

• Brain stem metastasis >= 1 cm

• Patients with scleroderma

• Severe acute co-morbidity, defined as follows:

  • Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization in the last 3 months
  • Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
  • Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization in the last 6 months or precluding study therapy due to inability to rest supine at the time of registration