To determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of hand held dynamometer for assessing isometric lumbar

After being informed about the study and potential risks, all participants given informed consent underwent a 1-week screening period to determine eligibility for study entry. Two raters assessed isometric strength of lumbar flexor and extensor muscles, by a hand-held dynamometer. Strength was measured and recorded by each of the two raters and re-assessed after a week.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age between twenty one to twenty five years

Exclusion Criteria:

• subjects with the history of acute, subacute or chronic low back pain, history of trauma, neurological disorders, spinal surgery, lumbar spine pathology were excluded.