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The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of oral habits on orofacial dysfunction and oral health related quality of life among a group of Egyptian children.
Child's OHRQoL is assessed in terms of four main categories: oral symptoms as pain and discomfort, functional limitations as reduced masticatory efficiency due to malocclusion, emotional limitations as reduced self-esteem and social limitations as being teased by other children.
Deleterious Oral Habit is believed to be associated with emotional disturbances and orofacial dysfunction which will certainly affect child's OHRQoL.
Sucking habits, mouth breathing habits and tongue thrusting habits are found to be the most deleterious habits, especially in the selected age group of (5-7) years. It was found that these three deleterious habits are the most practiced habits among Egyptian children aging from 6-9 years (19.6%).
Up to the investigator's knowledge, there are very scanty studies investigating the effect of orofacial dysfunction on OHRQoL in children, only one of them was conducted on children practicing oral habits, but none of them was conducted on Egyptian children.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| C group | C group: control group, children who do not practice oral habits. | ||
| E group | E group: exposed group, children who practicing oral habits. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Practicing oral habits | Behavioral | children who practice one or more of the specified oral habits ( mouth breathing, object sucking, or tongue thrusting) are considered exposed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Orofacial dysfunction | Measured by Nordic Orofacial Test Screen. Measuring Unit: Scores (from 0 to 12) consists of two main parts: First part is NOT-S Interview and the second part is NOT-S Examination. Each part contains six domains as following (Appendix 2): • NOT-S Interview: I. Sensory function. II. Breathing. III. Habits. IV. Chewing and swallowing. V. Drooling. VI. Dry mouth. • NOT-S Examination:
| Baseline: Child will be examined for once. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Health Related Quality of Life | Measured by: Parental Caregiver Perciption Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale. Measuring Unit: Scores, For Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire: from 0 to 32 For Family Impact scale : from 0 to 32.
|
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy Egyptian children aging from 5 to 7 years old.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mennat Allah A.Elkareem, B.D.S | Fuculty of Dentistry, Ahram Canadian University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postgraduate clinics in Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egyp | Cairo | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23739786 | Background | Leme MS, Souza Barbosa Td, Gaviao MB. Relationship among oral habits, orofacial function and oral health-related quality of life in children. Braz Oral Res. 2013 May-Jun;27(3):272-8. doi: 10.1590/S1806-83242013000300006. | |
| 26792967 | Background | Al-Riyami IA, Thomson WM, Al-Harthi LS. Testing the Arabic short form versions of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire and the Family Impact Scale in Oman. Saudi Dent J. 2016 Jan;28(1):31-5. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Nov 22. |
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| Baseline: the questionnaire will be filled by child's caregiver for once. |
| 26932786 | Background | Kumar S, Kroon J, Lalloo R, Johnson NW. Validity and reliability of short forms of parental-caregiver perception and family impact scale in a Telugu speaking population of India. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016 Mar 1;14:34. doi: 10.1186/s12955-016-0433-7. |
| 17695052 | Background | Bakke M, Bergendal B, McAllister A, Sjogreen L, Asten P. Development and evaluation of a comprehensive screening for orofacial dysfunction. Swed Dent J. 2007;31(2):75-84. |
| 36001236 | Derived | Abd-Elsabour MAAA, Hanafy RMH, Omar OM. Effect of self-perceived oral habits on orofacial dysfunction and oral health-related quality of life among a group of Egyptian children: a cohort study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022 Dec;23(6):935-944. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00740-8. Epub 2022 Aug 24. |