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This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effect of subcostal transverse abdominis plane block on the postoperative pain and opioid consumption in patients (12y≤ age) who will undergo epigastric cardiac pacemaker operation.
Patients will be allocated to either the SC TAP(subcostal transverse abdominis plane block) group or the control group (no block). Bilateral subcostal transverse abdominis plane block will be performed using 0.25% ropivacaine (0.5mL/kg for each side, MAX 20mL for each side) under ultrasound-guidance at the end of surgery.
The pain score at 10 min after PACU admin, 1, 6, 24 hours after the surgery, the total opioid consumption at 12, and 24 hours after the surgery, the total dose of additional rescue analgesia (intravenous ketololac or nalbuphine) at 12 and 24 hour after the surgery will be recorded.
This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effect of subcostal transverse abdominis plane block on the postoperative pain and opioid consumption in patients (12y≤ age) who will undergo epigastric cardiac pacemaker operation.
Patients will be allocated to either the SC TAP(subcostal transverse abdominis plane block) group or the control group (no block). Bilateral subcostal transverse abdominis plane block will be performed using 0.25% ropivacaine (0.5mL/kg for each side, MAX 20mL for each side) under ultrasound-guidance at the end of surgery.
The pain score at 10 min after PACU admin, 1, 6, 24 hours after the surgery, the total opioid consumption at 12, and 24 hours after the surgery, the total dose of additional rescue analgesia (intravenous ketololac, acetaminophen, or fentanil) at 12 and 24 hour after the surgery will be recorded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| SC TAP | Experimental | Bilateral subcostal transverse abdominis plane block will be performed using 0.25% ropivacaine (0.5mL/kg for each side, MAX 20mL for each side) under ultrasound-guidance at the end of surgery. |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | No regional block is provided at the end of surgery. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC TAP | Procedure | Bilateral subcostal transverse abdominis plane block will be performed using 0.25% ropivacaine (0.5mL/kg for each side, MAX 20mL for each side) under ultrasound-guidance at the end of surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain score, resting | Pain score at resting is assessed by Numeric rating scale; A numerical rating scale (NRS) requires the patient to rate their pain on a defined scale. For example, 0-10 where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. | at 10 minutes after the PACU admin |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain score, coughing | Pain score at coughing is assessed by Numeric rating scale : A numerical rating scale (NRS) requires the patient to rate their pain on a defined scale. For example, 0-10 where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. | at 1hour, 6hours, and 24hours after the end of surgery. |
| total opioid consumption at 12, 24 hours after the end of surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients who will undergo epigastric cardiac pacemaker operation. (12≤ years)
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jin-Tae Kim | Seoul | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006330 | Heart Defects, Congenital |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018376 | Cardiovascular Abnormalities |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
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| Control | Procedure | No regional block is provided at the end of surgery. |
|
total opioid consumption at 12, 24 hours after the end of surgery (IV Nalbuphine 1mg = IV Morphine 1mg = IV Fentanyl 10mcg (0.01mg) |
| at 12hours, 24 hours after the end of surgery |
| Total additional dose of acetaminophen | Total additional dose of acetaminophen (mg) | at 12hours, and 24hours after the end of surgery. |
| Total additional dose of ketorolac | Total additional dose of ketorolac (mg) | at 12hours, and 24hours after the end of surgery. |
| The incidence of side effects of analgesic medications (percent) | The incidence of side effects of analgesic medications: Nausea, Vomit, Constipation, Pruritus, Dizziness, Dry mouth, Sedation | within 24 hours after the end of surgery |
| The incidence of side effects of ropivacaine (percent) | The incidence of side effects of ropivacaine: Arrhythmia, Hypotension, ST change, Dizziness, Convulsion | within 1 hour after the end of surgery |
| Hospital stay (days) | Postoperative hospital stay (days) | within 14 days after the end of surgery |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |