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Xerostomia is a subjective complaint of dry mouth, whereas hyposalivation is an objective decreased of salivary flow. Hyposalivation was reported in 28.8 % of haemodialysis (HD) patients (Bruzda-Zwiech, 2014).
Stimulation of the salivary glands can be induced mechanically (for example, by chewing gum or acupressure) or through medications (such as pilocarpine, cevimeline, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers) or by electrostimulation as transcutnaeous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (Bossola and Tazza, 2012).
Eighty HD patients (40 diabetics and 40 nondiabetics) will receive 20 minutes of TENS on skin over bilateral parotid gland, 3 times weekly for 3 weeks to investigate the hyposalivation response of diabetic and non diabetic HD patients to TENS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| diabetic HD group | Experimental | Patients of this group will receive 20 minutes of extra oral TENS over skin of bilateral parotid glands (3 sessions weekly for 3 weeks) |
|
| Nondiabetic goup | Active Comparator | Patients of this group will receive 20 minutes of extra oral TENS over skin of bilateral parotid glands (3 sessions weekly for 3 weeks) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TENS | Device | Patients of this group will receive 20 minutes of extra oral TENS over skin of bilateral parotid glands (3 sessions weekly for 3 weeks) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 3-week response of salivary flow rate | the patients will be ordered to spit saliva in a graduated test tube for 5 minutes after the last session (session number 9). To calculate salivary flow rate: saliva volume will be divided on duration of saliva spitting. | immediately after the last session |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| immediate response of saliva flow | the patients will be ordered to spit saliva in a graduated test tube for 5 minutes immediately after the first session . To calculate salivary flow rate: saliva volume will be divided on duration of saliva spitting. | immediately after the first session |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
self-representation of gender identity
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali Ismail, lecturer | Contact | 02 01005154209 | allooka2012@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ali Ismail, lecturer | Cairo University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo University | Recruiting | Giza | Dokki | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004561 | Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004599 | Electric Stimulation Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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| Cairo Unoversity | Recruiting | Giza | Egypt |
|
| D000698 |
| Analgesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |