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The most accepted description of severe COVID-19 disease is development and over production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Autopsy studies have been done on COVID-19 patients proved that severe disease is resulted due to deviant host-immune response and cytokine storm. Elevated inflammatory biomarkers like C-Reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines shown to be higher in severe disease of COVID-19. Several studies on severe COVID-19 have revealed raised levels of plasma cytokines like IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, Gamma interferon (INF), Tumor necrosis factor Alpha TNF. The Cytokines release syndrome (CRS) is a hyperinflammatory deadly syndrome characterized by release of uncontrolled immune system activation which is responsible for multi-organ failure. It has the main role in ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 virus which binds to alveolar epithelium and resulting in IL-6 release that is responsible for increase alveolar-epithelium permeability. In many studies it has been observed that IL-6 have played a main role in CRS induction. Previous experiences from hyperinflammatory and cytokine storm syndromes recommends that early involvement of inhibiting CRS is essential to prevent lethal tissue damage and poor clinical outcome. In this scenario the judgement of clinical specialist who are suggesting that evidence of CRS can be cured with glucocorticoids, I/V immunoglobulin and anti-cytokine therapy cannot be ignored.
This is intervention single-center study, that will be done at Lahore General Hospital in which 95 beds are allocated for COVID-19 patients including ICUs and HDUs. Ethical approval will be obtained from research ethical committee of Lahore General hospital, Lahore. Informed consent will be obtained from all patients who will agree to publish their data in this research. Patient's privacy and obey will be protected with the Helsinki Declaration.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group intervene with Tocilizumab | Experimental | Review effect of Tocilizumab as clinical trial among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Participants with severe disease will receive an intravenous (IV) injection of 8 mg/kg (not to exceed 800 mg) tocilizumab. Specifically, we will test whether tocilizumab is associated with a reduction in multi-organ dysfunction among hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients with elevated inflammatory biomarkers. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tocilizumab | Drug | 4-8mg/kg with 400mg maximum dose of Tocilizumab will be given in 60 minutes I/V infusion, and dose will be repeated after 12-24 hours according to clinical as well as laboratory parameters. Customized decision for Tocilizumab usage will be made by attending infectious diseases physician, comfort with Tocilizumab usage, bacterial co-infection and duration of Ventilation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical response after administration | Clinical improvement of COVID-19 patients by Tocillzumab The number of intubated patients. The number of patients with death. | 10 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical response to treatment | Overall survival of COVID-19 patients after drug administration. | 15 days |
| Duration of hospitalization | Number of days of hospital admission either in ICU or HDUs till date of discharge |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Irfan Malik | Contact | 03334367220 | drmirfanmalik@hotmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sardar Al-Fareed Zafar | Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore Pakistan | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lahore General Hospital | Recruiting | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54500 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32374815 | Background | Wichmann D, Sperhake JP, Lutgehetmann M, Steurer S, Edler C, Heinemann A, Heinrich F, Mushumba H, Kniep I, Schroder AS, Burdelski C, de Heer G, Nierhaus A, Frings D, Pfefferle S, Becker H, Bredereke-Wiedling H, de Weerth A, Paschen HR, Sheikhzadeh-Eggers S, Stang A, Schmiedel S, Bokemeyer C, Addo MM, Aepfelbacher M, Puschel K, Kluge S. Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Aug 18;173(4):268-277. doi: 10.7326/M20-2003. Epub 2020 May 6. | |
| 24290661 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D045169 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C502936 | tocilizumab |
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quasi-experimental
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|
| 15 days |
| Clinical outcome of the treatment | Mortality rate | 15 days |
| Supplemental Oxygen Requirement from Baseline | Duration of increased supplemental oxygen requirement from baseline | 15 days |
| Background |
| Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Lopez-Guillermo A, Khamashta MA, Bosch X. Adult haemophagocytic syndrome. Lancet. 2014 Apr 26;383(9927):1503-1516. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61048-X. Epub 2013 Nov 27. |
| 32343968 | Background | Radbel J, Narayanan N, Bhatt PJ. Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report. Chest. 2020 Jul;158(1):e15-e19. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.024. Epub 2020 Apr 25. |
| 32291137 | Background | Liu B, Li M, Zhou Z, Guan X, Xiang Y. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? J Autoimmun. 2020 Jul;111:102452. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452. Epub 2020 Apr 10. |
| 32293098 | Background | Henderson LA, Canna SW, Schulert GS, Volpi S, Lee PY, Kernan KF, Caricchio R, Mahmud S, Hazen MM, Halyabar O, Hoyt KJ, Han J, Grom AA, Gattorno M, Ravelli A, De Benedetti F, Behrens EM, Cron RQ, Nigrovic PA. On the Alert for Cytokine Storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;72(7):1059-1063. doi: 10.1002/art.41285. Epub 2020 May 10. |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |