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Little is currently known about the immediate and long-term effect of COVID-19 on lung ventilation (delivery of air to the lungs) and lung perfusion (delivery of blood to the lungs). Some people who survive COVID-19 may have lung ventilation and/or perfusion injury that persists following COVID-19 recovery. This lung injury may be related to inflammation in the lung, breathlessness, exercise limitation and reduced quality of life. Therefore, towards the goal of understanding the effects of COVID-19 on lung health, the purpose of this study is to characterize and understand the clinical relevance of COVID-19 related lung ventilation and perfusion injury and associated inflammatory status, ≤4 weeks and 6-months following COVID-19 recovery in an asthmatic and healthy population. To do this, an asthmatic and healthy population who have, and have not, been previously diagnosed with COVID-19 will be studied.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| healthy COVID-19+ | Individuals who recently recovered from COVID-19 and who have no history of lung disease |
| |
| asthmatic COVID-19+ | Individuals who recently recovered from COVID-19 and who have asthma |
| |
| healthy COVID-19- | Individuals who have not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and who have no history of lung disease |
| |
| asthmatic COVID-19- | Individuals who have not been diagnosed with COVID-19 and who have asthma |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V/Q SPECT-CT | Other | At visits 1 and 2, ventilation will be assessed by 99mTc Technegas SPECT ventilation scan and perfusion will be assessed by 99mTc Macroaggregated Albumin SPECT perfusion scan. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Short-term difference in ventilation defect percent assessed by ventilation SPECT-CT - healthy | The short-term difference in lung ventilation between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Short-term difference in perfusion defect percent assessed by perfusion SPECT-CT - healthy | The short-term difference in lung perfusion between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Short-term difference in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch assessed by ventilation/perfusion SPECT-CT - healthy | The short-term difference in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Long-term difference in ventilation defect percent assessed by ventilation SPECT-CT - healthy | The long-term difference in lung ventilation between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Long-term difference in perfusion defect percent assessed by perfusion SPECT-CT - healthy | The long-term difference in lung perfusion between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Long-term difference in ventilation/perfusion mismatch assessed by ventilation/perfusion SPECT-CT - healthy | The long-term difference in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correlation of lung ventilation with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1). | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
For all participants:
For participants with asthma:
For participants who recently recovered from covid-19:
Exclusion Criteria:
For all participants:
For participants with no history of lung disease:
For participants who have not been diagnosed with covid-19:
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community sample
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sarah Svenningsen, PhD | McMaster University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton | Hamilton | Ontario | L8N 4A6 | Canada |
IPD will not be shared with other researchers.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D001249 | Asthma |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) | Other | At visits 1 and 2, quality of life will be evaluated using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). |
|
| mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale | Other | At visits 1 and 2, dyspnea will be evaluated using the mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale. |
|
| Six-minute walk test (6MWT) | Other | At visits 1 and 2, exercise capacity will be evaluated using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). |
|
| Spirometry | Other | At visits 1 and 2, spirometry will be performed to quantify the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC. |
|
| Plethysmography & DLCO | Other | At visits 1 and 2, plethysmography and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) will be performed. |
|
| Airwave Oscillometry | Other | At visits 1 and 2, airwave oscillometry will be performed to obtain resistance (R) and reactance (X) at 5 Hz (R5) and 19 Hz (R19). The resonance frequency (fres), area above the reactance curve (AX) and the heterogeneity of obstruction (R5-19) will be derived from R and X. |
|
| 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Short-term difference in ventilation defect percent assessed by ventilation SPECT-CT - asthmatic | The short-term difference in lung ventilation between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Short-term difference in perfusion defect percent assessed by perfusion SPECT-CT - asthmatic | The short-term difference in lung perfusion between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Short-term difference in ventilation/perfusion mismatch assessed by ventilation/perfusion SPECT-CT - asthmatic | The short-term difference in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Long-term difference in ventilation defect percent assessed by ventilation SPECT-CT - asthmatic | The long-term difference in lung ventilation between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Long-term difference in perfusion defect percent assessed by perfusion SPECT-CT - asthmatic | The long-term difference in lung perfusion between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Long-term difference in ventilation/perfusion mismatch assessed by ventilation/perfusion SPECT-CT - asthmatic | The long-term difference in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Longitudinal change in ventilation defect percent assessed by ventilation SPECT-CT - healthy | Difference in the 6-month change in lung ventilation between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Longitudinal change in perfusion defect percent assessed by perfusion SPECT-CT - healthy | Difference in the 6-month change in lung perfusion between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Longitudinal change in ventilation/perfusion mismatch assessed by ventilation/perfusion SPECT-CT - healthy | Difference in the 6-month change in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch between healthyCOVID-19+ and healthyCOVID-19- participants | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Longitudinal change in ventilation defect percent assessed by ventilation SPECT-CT - asthmatic | Difference in the 6-month change in lung ventilation between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants. | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Longitudinal change in perfusion defect percent assessed by perfusion SPECT-CT - asthmatic | Difference in the 6-month change in lung perfusion between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants. | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Longitudinal change in ventilation/perfusion mismatch assessed by ventilation/perfusion SPECT-CT - asthmatic | Difference in the 6-month change in lung ventilation/perfusion mismatch between asthmaticCOVID-19+ and asthmaticCOVID-19- participants. | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with six-minute walk distance (6MWD) ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery |
In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with six-minute walk distance (6MWD) ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1). |
| ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1). | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1). | ≤4-weeks post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 1) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score 6-months post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2). | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with six-minute walk distance (6MWD) 6-months post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with six-minute walk distance (6MWD) 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2). | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 6-months post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2). | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| Correlation of lung ventilation with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) 6-months post COVID-19 recovery | In COVID-19+ participants, the correlation of lung ventilation with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2). | 6-months post COVID-19 recovery (Visit 2) |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D001982 | Bronchial Diseases |
| D008173 | Lung Diseases, Obstructive |
| D012130 | Respiratory Hypersensitivity |
| D006969 | Hypersensitivity, Immediate |
| D006967 | Hypersensitivity |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |