a Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Carbon Dioxide Use in Cardiac Surgery

Pilot Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial "Insufflation of Carbon Dioxide During Minimally Invasive and Repeated Cardiac Surgery"

study of the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide in cardiac surgery: repeated or minimally invasive

prospective randomized clinical single-center study of the efficacy and safety of using carbon dioxide in deaeration of cardiac cavities during cardiac surgery (repeated interventions and minimally invasive interventions)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Planned cardiac surgery on the left heart with limited deaeration: Minimally invasive approach (mininotomy, minimally invasive lateral thoracotomy); Re-intervention
• Signed informed voluntary consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal to participate in any stage of the study
• History of stroke, transient ischemic attack
• Hemodynamically significant stenosis of the brachiocephalic arteries (more than 70%)
• Swelling or thrombosis of the heart
• LV dysfunction (EF less than 30%)
• Atherosclerosis of the aorta (atheromatosis)
• Surgical access conversion