Bronchiectasis is associated with repeated exacerbations which occurs at rates of 1.5-6.5 per patients per year, and are associated with an increased risk of admission and readmission to hospital, and high health care costs. In a local study carried out more than 10 years ago, idiopathic disease dominates and patients with bronchiectasis are mainly female with high hospitalization and mortality rates; 21.9 cases per 100,000 and 2.7 cases per 100,000 respectively. Moreover, exacerbation characterized by increases in symptoms requiring antibiotic treatment is associated with disease progression and significant mortality. Updated prevalence of this disease with the characteristics of etiology, clinical presentation and outcomes are needed to guide further management plan.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients aged 18 years or older
2. Clinically stable for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment (defined as no symptoms of exacerbation, no requirement for supplemental antibiotic therapy)
3. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis defined by high-resolution computed tomography scan

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of cystic fibrosis; hypogammaglobulinemia; allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis
2. Those who are unable to give consent

This is a prospective observational study of patients. We propose to recruit consecutive patients who are under care of the Respiratory Clinic at the Prince of Wales Hospital with the diagnosis of bronchiectasis defined by high-resolution Computed Tomography scan. Patients who recover from a recent admission the Prince of Wales Hospital with exacerbation of bronchiectasis will also be recruited.