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Not recruiting at the rate we thought it would.
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This is a prospective, randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluating the effect of a balloon device (Fetal Pillow) to elevate the fetal buttocks during external cephalic version procedures. Eligible study population: nulliparous pregnant women between 37-40 weeks estimated gestational age with a breech presenting fetus and no contraindications to external cephalic version.
Patients meeting inclusion criteria will be offered participation in this study. After performing an obstetric sonogram to determine fetal position, amniotic fluid status, fetal weight and placental location, the patient will be randomized to either placement of the Fetal Pillow balloon device with sham inflation (control arm) or placement of the device with inflation (study arm).
The researcher will show the patient the device, open the sterile container, and insert the device into the vagina per manufacturer's guidelines for all patients in the study. All patients will mark a line on a 100mm VAS to assess pre-insertion and post-insertion pain. The study physician will then obtain the assistance of a certified nurse midwife to inflate the device or perform a sham inflation. In order for the physician investigator to remain blinded, the physician will leave the room during the time of the inflation/sham inflation. A certified nurse midwife previously trained to inflate the device will perform the inflation or sham inflation per randomization. The assisting midwife will inflate the device with 180 mL of saline for those patients randomized to inflation. This will occur under a sheet so that the patient is blinded to the randomization scheme. If the patient is randomized to no inflation, the midwife will perform a sham inflation, also under a sheet. All patients will mark a line on a 100mm VAS to assess post-inflation/sham inflation pain. The assisting midwife then leaves the room, and the study physician reenters the room and proceeds with the external cephalic version (ECV) procedure.
Regardless of randomization, at this point the ECV procedure proceeds using normal routine. The ECV will be attempted up to four times and VAS will be assessed after each attempt. Once completed, all patients will also mark a line on a 100mm VAS to assess post-ECV pain.
The research physician will then remove the Fetal Pillow. Regardless of randomization, the procedure is completed per the usual routine of fetal monitoring, assessing for rupture of membranes, labor or bleeding, discussing post-procedure care, then discharge home (or, less likely, admitting for either observation or delivery).
The researcher will fill out the ECV portion of the data collection form. Data are collected later for delivery outcomes and costs for the mother and neonate.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Sham Comparator | Non-inflation of the balloon device |
|
| Intervention | Experimental | Inflation of the balloon device |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fetal Pillow insertion | Device | Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Having Successful Conversion to Cephalic Presentation | Successful conversion of breech fetus to cephalic presentation | Immediately upon completion of the ECV procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cesarean Delivery | Presence of cesarean delivery | Immediately after ECV procedure or during subsequent labor and delivery |
| Fetal Presentation at Time of Delivery | Cephalic presentation of the fetus during participant delivery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| David A Hill, MD | AdventHealth | Principal Investigator |
| Ariana Mora | AdventHealth | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AdventHealth Orlando | Orlando | Florida | 32804 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32332415 | Background | External Cephalic Version: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 221. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May;135(5):e203-e212. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003837. | |
| 26868074 | Result | Seal SL, Dey A, Barman SC, Kamilya G, Mukherji J, Onwude JL. Randomized controlled trial of elevation of the fetal head with a fetal pillow during cesarean delivery at full cervical dilatation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 May;133(2):178-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.09.019. Epub 2016 Jan 15. |
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IPD will not be shared outside of research team.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control | Non-inflation of the balloon device Fetal Pillow insertion: Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure |
| FG001 | Intervention | Inflation of the balloon device Fetal Pillow insertion: Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Control | Non-inflation of the balloon device Fetal Pillow insertion: Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure |
| BG001 | Intervention |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Number of Participants Having Successful Conversion to Cephalic Presentation | Successful conversion of breech fetus to cephalic presentation | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Immediately upon completion of the ECV procedure |
|
1 hour after completion of ECV procedure until discharge after delivery (average of 3.5 weeks)
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control | Non-inflation of the balloon device Fetal Pillow insertion: Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. Ashley Hill, MD | AdventHealth Orlando | 407-303-1444 | Ashley.Hill.MD@AdventHealth.com |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 23, 2021 | Jan 28, 2025 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001946 | Breech Presentation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007744 | Obstetric Labor Complications |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
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Randomized trial using control and interventional arms.
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Investigators and participants will not know whether participants have undergone inflation of the balloon device.
| Labor and Delivery (approximately 12 hours) |
| Cost of ECV Procedure and Hospital Stay (Mother) | Cost of ECV procedure and hospital stay (mother) | ECV procedure and during labor, delivery, and immediate postpartum period (up to 42 days) |
| Cost of ECV Procedure and Hospital Stay (Neonate) | Cost of neonate's hospitalization after delivery | Birth to hospital discharge (up to 42 days) |
| Shoulder Dystocia | Presence of shoulder dystocia during delivery | Labor and Delivery (approximately 12 hours) |
| Rupture of Membranes | Presence of rupture of membranes after ECV procedure | Within 1 hour of ECV procedure |
| Emergency Cesarean Delivery | Need for emergency cesarean delivery during or after ECV procedure | During or within 1 hour of performing ECV procedure |
| Pelvic Hematoma | Development of a pelvic hematoma within 1 hour of ECV procedure | During or within 1 hour of performing ECV procedure |
| Procedural Pain During Device Insertion | Visual analogue pain score after insertion of balloon device (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Within 2 minutes after insertion of balloon device. |
| Number of Attempts | Number of attempted ECV procedures to convert fetus from breech to cephalic presentation | Immediately after ECV procedure |
| Cost of Hospital Stay for ECV Procedure | Total cost of the hospital stay for the ECV procedure | Patient arrival to labor unit for ECV procedure and discharge home (up to 72 hours) |
| Procedural Pain Prior to Device Insertion. | Baseline visual analogue pain score prior to insertion of balloon device (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Within 3 minutes prior to insertion of device. |
| Procedural Pain After Inflation of Device or Sham Inflation. | Visual analogue pain score after inflation or sham inflation of balloon device (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Within 1 minute after device inflation or sham inflation. |
| Pain After External Cephalic Version Attempt. | Visual analogue pain score after ECV procedure (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Within 2 minutes of ECV procedure completion. |
| 25828903 | Result | Hofmeyr GJ, Kulier R, West HM. External cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 1;2015(4):CD000083. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000083.pub3. |
| 18456227 | Result | Kok M, Cnossen J, Gravendeel L, van der Post J, Opmeer B, Mol BW. Clinical factors to predict the outcome of external cephalic version: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Dec;199(6):630.e1-7; discussion e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.008. Epub 2008 May 23. |
| 18055730 | Result | Weiniger CF, Ginosar Y, Elchalal U, Sharon E, Nokrian M, Ezra Y. External cephalic version for breech presentation with or without spinal analgesia in nulliparous women at term: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;110(6):1343-50. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000295605.38175.7b. |
Inflation of the balloon device
Fetal Pillow insertion: Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Secondary | Cesarean Delivery | Presence of cesarean delivery | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Immediately after ECV procedure or during subsequent labor and delivery |
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| Secondary | Fetal Presentation at Time of Delivery | Cephalic presentation of the fetus during participant delivery | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Labor and Delivery (approximately 12 hours) |
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| Secondary | Cost of ECV Procedure and Hospital Stay (Mother) | Cost of ECV procedure and hospital stay (mother) | Data were not collected for this outcome because of multiple changes to the electronic medical record platforms during the study period and loss of analytics team resources that preclude analysis. There is no possibility of data collection for this secondary outcome. | Posted | ECV procedure and during labor, delivery, and immediate postpartum period (up to 42 days) |
|
|
| Secondary | Cost of ECV Procedure and Hospital Stay (Neonate) | Cost of neonate's hospitalization after delivery | Data were not collected for this outcome because of multiple changes to the electronic medical record platforms during the study period and loss of analytics team resources that preclude analysis. There is no possibility of data collection for this secondary outcome. | Posted | Birth to hospital discharge (up to 42 days) |
|
|
| Secondary | Shoulder Dystocia | Presence of shoulder dystocia during delivery | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Labor and Delivery (approximately 12 hours) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Rupture of Membranes | Presence of rupture of membranes after ECV procedure | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Within 1 hour of ECV procedure |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Emergency Cesarean Delivery | Need for emergency cesarean delivery during or after ECV procedure | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | During or within 1 hour of performing ECV procedure |
|
|
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| Secondary | Pelvic Hematoma | Development of a pelvic hematoma within 1 hour of ECV procedure | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | During or within 1 hour of performing ECV procedure |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Procedural Pain During Device Insertion | Visual analogue pain score after insertion of balloon device (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | Within 2 minutes after insertion of balloon device. |
|
|
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| Secondary | Number of Attempts | Number of attempted ECV procedures to convert fetus from breech to cephalic presentation | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Number of attempts | Immediately after ECV procedure |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Cost of Hospital Stay for ECV Procedure | Total cost of the hospital stay for the ECV procedure | Data were not collected for this outcome because of multiple changes to the electronic medical record platforms during the study period and loss of analytics team resources that preclude analysis. There is no possibility of data collection for this secondary outcome. | Posted | Patient arrival to labor unit for ECV procedure and discharge home (up to 72 hours) |
|
|
| Secondary | Procedural Pain Prior to Device Insertion. | Baseline visual analogue pain score prior to insertion of balloon device (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | Within 3 minutes prior to insertion of device. |
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| Secondary | Procedural Pain After Inflation of Device or Sham Inflation. | Visual analogue pain score after inflation or sham inflation of balloon device (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | Within 1 minute after device inflation or sham inflation. |
|
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| Secondary | Pain After External Cephalic Version Attempt. | Visual analogue pain score after ECV procedure (100mm visual analogue scale where 0 =no pain and 100=extreme pain). | Posted | Mean | Full Range | units on a scale | Within 2 minutes of ECV procedure completion. |
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| 0 |
| 6 |
| 0 |
| 6 |
| 0 |
| 6 |
| EG001 | Intervention | Inflation of the balloon device Fetal Pillow insertion: Inflation of balloon device used to elevate fetal buttocks prior to performing external cephalic version procedure | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
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