We are going to conduct a comparative study to analyze the clinical effectiveness and user convenience of EZ clips that have been used in upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding and newly developed clip (ClearEndoclip, FineMedix, Taegu) in Korea.

1) Research hypothesis and purpose

• This study was designed to prove the hypothesis that the hemostatic effect of newly developed endoscopic clip (ClearEndoclip, FineMedix, Taegu, Korea) is not inferior to that of EZ clip (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) in the treatment of hemostasis for patients who visited the upper gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding.
• This study was designed as a multi-center (9 institutions), open-labelled, randomized comparative clinical trial (1:1 ratio).

1. Design of this study

   1. Stratified randomization is performed, and the variable used for stratification is the patient's age (65 years or older, 65 years or less).
   2. The existing clip (control) and the domestic clip (experimental group) are divided by the block size randomization method of size 4 for each floor.

2. Patients and Methods

   1. inclusion criteria

      • Men and women aged 20 to 80
      • The patients who came to the emergency room due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding with as follows: peptic ulcer with acute bleeding or protruding vascular exposure (Forrest class Ia-IIa), anastomotic vascular ulcer bleeding, bleeding from endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection site after 24 hours
      • American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) Physical Status 1 - 3
      • Patients with adequate patient compliance and adequate geographical distance for follow-up. character

   2. exclusion criteria

      • Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who are not recommended to clip Bleeding from a malignant tumor Hemorrhagic gastritis Angiodysplasia variceal bleeding
      • Bleeding during endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection
      • Patients with insufficient clinical information
      • Pregnant or lactating patients
      • Patients or guardians who have not obtained informed consent

   3. The number of patients

      • The number of subjects was calculated based on a non-inferiority study

        • The reported rate of rebleeding after hemostasis using the conventional hemoclip: about 5%.

        • 2.5% one-sided test, 80% power, and non-inferiority limit set to 10%

          • 75 subjects are required for each group, and 83 subjects are required if the drop rate is assumed to be 10%.

   4. Methods

      • After completing an informed consent form to the subjects who wish to participate in the study at the time of visit, basic clinical variables are checked.
      • First endoscopic hemostasis is performed. In this time, EZ clip is used for the subjects assigned to the control group, and ClearEndoclip is used for the subjects assigned to the experimental group to target blood vessels in the ulcer. At the same time, clinical parameters related to hemostasis are recorded.
      • After hemostasis is performed, rebleeding and complications are tracked up to 30 days after the procedure.

   5. Variables to be collected

      • At the time of visit: age, gender, height, weight, drug use (anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents, NSAIDs, steroids), underlying diseases (cirrhosis, diabetes, end-stage renal failure, heart disease, lung disease), hematological data, hemoglobin, Complete Rockall score
      • At the time of primary endoscopic hemostasis: location of ulcer, size of ulcer, size of exposed blood vessel (based on 2mm), forrest classification, total number of clips used, number of failed clips, usage and usage of epinephrine, procedure time (minutes) , Clip hemostasis success, treatment after clip hemostasis failure
      • After hemostasis: rebleeding (within 7 days), number of clips and bleeding from the follow-up endoscope after 48 hours, death within 30 days, ICU hospitalization date, total hospitalization date, complications of hemostasis, Helicobacter pylori

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women aged 20 to 80
• The patients who came to the emergency room due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding with as follows: peptic ulcer with acute bleeding or protruding vascular exposure (Forrest class Ia-IIa), anastomotic vascular ulcer bleeding, bleeding from endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection site after 24 hours
• American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) Physical Status 1 - 3
• Patients with adequate patient compliance and adequate geographical distance for follow-up. character

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who are not recommended to clip Bleeding from a malignant tumor Hemorrhagic gastritis Angiodysplasia variceal bleeding
• Bleeding during endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection
• Patients with insufficient clinical information
• Pregnant or lactating patients
• Patients or guardians who have not obtained informed consent