Although reports showed that children with well controlled diabetes do not appear to have increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, however data are scarce regarding the extent to which clinical and demographic data of patient could modify the outcome and severity of the disease. Additionally, the link between covid-19 and diabetes remains controversial.

Data from poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes remains controversial regarding whether diabetes itself could increases the susceptibility of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently impacts the outcomes in these patients , or the SARS-CoV-2 subsequently affects the risk of type 1 diabetes and increase in the prevalence of severe DKA.

Poorly controlled diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia creates a state of low grade chronic inflammation, which may explain the underlying mechanism of increased susceptibility to infection and infer the outcome in patients with diabetes .

Poorly controlled diabetes has been linked to multiple derangements of immune system including inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in response to different stimuli, as well as impaired monocyte/macrophage function together with increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules that mediate tissue inflammation .

Few data links the association between development of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with COVID-19, where the infection could trigger higher stressful conditions, with the release of stress hormones leading to increased blood glucose levels and abnormal glucose variability .

The extent to which clinical and demographic data of patients with type 1 diabetes modifies the outcome and severity of the disease seems entirely unclear and is the question of several researches.

• Study Tools:

All patients admitted to Pediatrics Hospital, Ain Shams University in the period between May to August 2020 will be subjected to:

1- Detailed history 2. Thorough clinical examination: To assess the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thorough clinical review to assess organ involvements and clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as the outcome measures in the studied cohort.

3. Data collection: Demographic and data will be extracted from patients inpatient files and reports

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients with type 1 diabetes admitted to Pediatrics Hospital, Ain Shams University in the period between May to July 2020.
• Age: less than 18 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children with other forms of diabetes, including: type 2, monogenic forms and secondary diabetes

All diabetic patients admitted to Pediatrics Hospital, Ain Shams University in the period between May to August 2020.