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Multiple sclerosis (Latin: Sclerosis multiplex; MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by a varied course and symptomatology. The chronic nature of the disease and gradual loss of tissue within the CNS result in increasing neurological deficits and motor failure over time. Due to the characteristics of the symptoms and the chronic course of MS, patients with MS use various forms of physiotherapeutic procedures throughout most of their lives, including especially often whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatments. The aim of this study was to assess potential changes in bioelectrical muscle activity during rest and contraction after exposure on 20 series of Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Assessment potential relationships between the sEMG parameters and functional state in patients with multiple sclerosis pre and post 20 series of WBC.
Finally, 114 patients with MS participated in the planned procedures of research. The participants were randomly assigned to the two groups, WBC and control. The sample size was 60 in WBC, and 54 in control groups. Testing before and after series of WBC consisted of: clinical assessment of fatigue was performed by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), gait speed using Timed 25 Foot Walk (T25-FW), Hand grip strength (HGS), and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the dominant hand.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| WBC group | Experimental | Criteria
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Criteria
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole body cryotherapy | Other | The WBC procedure consisted of 2-3 min walk in the cryogenic chamber at -110℃. Immediately before the WBC procedures, the patients were provided with a special treatment suit, they were instructed as to how to protect the parts of the body that are particularly vulnerable to frostbite, on the proper way of moving and breathing during the treatment. Excluding Saturdays and Sundays, the WBC treatments were performed daily for the next four weeks. Each time after the WBC the subjects participated in 15-minute kinesitherapy exercises conducted in groups of 5-6 people. The exercises were of general improvement nature and took into account the mobility of the subjects. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of changes in the level of fatigue | The assessment tool: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The FSS questionnaire is composed of 9 items related to the severity of symptoms commonly present in MS patients. Each question is rated on a scale of 1 to 7 (where 1 - "strongly disagree", 7 - "strongly agree"). Minimum value: 9 points (if you answer "1" to all questions) Maximum value: 63 points (if you answer "7" to all questions) A higher score indicates greater fatigue intensity - i.e. a worse result. A score of ≥ 36 points is considered significantly elevated and indicates significant fatigue intensity. | On the day preceding the start of a 20 series of WBC ( 4 weeks) ( T0) and between the second and the fourth day, after the end of a series of WBC (T1). |
| Assessment of changes in walking speed | The aassessment tool: 25 Foot Walk (T25-FW) Maximal walking speed, across a clearly marked, linear 25-foot (7.62-m course). The T25-FW score was an average in seconds from the two successive trials | On the day preceding the start of a 20 series of WBC ( 4 weeks) ( T0) and between the second and the fourth day, after the end of a series of WBC (T1). |
| Assessment of changes in hand grip strength | The aassessment tool: hand grip strength (HGS). Dominant hand. HGS measurements were performed in according to the recommendations of the American Society of Hand Therapists | On the day preceding the start of a 20 series of WBC ( 4 weeks) ( T0) and between the second and the fourth day, after the end of a series of WBC (T1). |
| Assessment of changes in the bioelectrical activity of muscles. | The aassessment tool: surface electromyography (sEMG) of the dominant hand. The sEMG test was performed for extensor (ECR - Extensor carpi radialis) and a flexor (FCR- Flexor carpi radialis) muscles of the wrist, for the dominant hand.
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Inclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aleksandra Radecka | Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, PUM | Principal Investigator |
| Anna Lubkowska, Profesor | Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, PUM | Study Director |
| Anna Knyszyńska, PhD | Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, PUM | Study Chair |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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The participants were randomly assigned to the two groups, WBC and control.
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| On the day preceding the start of a 20 series of WBC ( 4 weeks) ( T0) and between the second and the fourth day, after the end of a series of WBC (T1). |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |