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This project evaluated the effects of a brief manualized mindful eating intervention as a treatment for overeating with individuals with overweight and obesity.
Overeating leads to overweight and obesity. Effective eating regulation largely depends on an individual's responsiveness to internal cues of physiological hunger and satiety; this phenomenon is known as interoceptive awareness and has been shown to be lower in individuals with overweight or obesity. Mindfulness training may improve interoceptive awareness and thus may facilitate more effective regulation of eating through increased sensitivity to cues of hunger and fullness. Mindful eating programs have been shown to increase interoceptive awareness of hunger and satiety cues and decrease weight in individuals with obesity. Although these programs are effective, they involve lengthy group sessions, require extensively trained staff, and are not widely available outside of clinical research. Thus, the reach and impact of these programs are limited.
The present study developed and tested a brief mindful eating intervention inspired by Kristeller & Wolever's (2010) Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training program to increase interoceptive awareness in individuals with overweight and obesity as a means to increase mindful and intuitive eating, reduce overeating and facilitate weight loss. The program consisted of 9 weekly 10-15 minute sessions structured around one simple evidence-based mindful eating exercise, and was delivered to adult (ages 18-67) employees from a Canadian university.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Brief mindful eating intervention |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brief mindful eating intervention | Other | Over the 9-week intervention, participants will be introduced to various mindful eating and intuitive eating practices which are aimed at reducing overeating and facilitating weight loss. Each session will focus on one simple, evidence-based message, aimed at modifying a current weight-relevant eating behavior of the patient. The intervention will focus on two key elements: (1) the mindful awareness of body cues (intuitive eating) and (2) the mindful awareness of external cues (mindful eating). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in overeating | As measured by the Overeating Questionnaire. Scores can range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating a greater tendency to overeat | Baseline, week 9, and 24-week follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in body weight | Change in body weight (lbs) | Baseline, week 9, and 24-week follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in mindful eating | As measured by the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Scores can range between 28 and 112, with higher scores indicating greater levels of mindful eating | Baseline, week 7, 24-week follow-up |
| Self-compassion |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bärbel Knauper, PhD | McGill University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McGill University | Montreal | Quebec | H3A1G1 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006963 | Hyperphagia |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
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Pilot feasibility trial
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As measured by the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form. Scores range between 26 and 130, with higher scores indicating greater levels of self-compassion
| Baseline |
| Change in intuitive eating | As measured by the Intuitive Eating Scale. Scores can range from 21 to 105, with higher scores indicating greater levels of intuitive eating | Baseline, week 7, 24-week follow-up |
| Cognitive restraint | As measured by the cognitive restraint subscale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Scores for this subscale range between 3 and 12, with higher scores indicating greater levels of cognitive restraint | Baseline |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |