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COVID-19, spreading rapidly all over the world, causes serious morbidity and mortality. In severe COVID-19 infections, after pulmonary inflammation, cardiovascular organ failure, cytokine storm, hemophagocytosis, septic shock, develops due to uncontrolled hypoxia, and isolated organ failure turns into multi-organ failure. It is noteworthy that it causes lymphopenia in patients. In the studies, the blood levels of certain inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and TNF-α, were evaluated. In addition, blood values of a limited number of cytokines were investigated similarly in a limited number of studies published in our country.
The causative agent of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, which started in Wuhan province of China in December 2019, was severe acute respiratory failure syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which quickly spread all over the world and caused a pandemic. COVID-19 can cause death with symptoms such as fever, cough, muscle pain, shortness of breath, and pneumonia (1). Pulmonary pathology of COVID-19 is diffuse alveolar damage, focal reactive hyperplasia of pneumocytes with patchy inflammatory cells, intravascular thrombosis, monocyte, macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration into pulmonary spaces. Severe infiltration of pulmonary tissue affects alveolar gas exchange. In addition, cardiovascular morbidity, tachyarrhythmia and thromboembolic events are observed in 1/5 of the hospitalized patients with troponin elevation, which is closely related to mortality. In severe COVID-19 infections, after pulmonary inflammation, cardiovascular organ failure, cytokine storm, hemophagocytosis, septic shock, develops due to uncontrolled hypoxia, and isolated organ failure turns into multi-organ failure. It is noteworthy that it causes lymphopenia in patients. In the studies , the blood levels of certain inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and TNF-α, were evaluated. In addition, blood values of a limited number of cytokines were investigated in a similar way in a limited number of studies published in our country.
We aimed to study IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL2), IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33 at Covid 19 and healthy volunteers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case Group | Patients with Covid 19 PCR (+) results |
| |
| Control Group | Healthy volunteers |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flow cytometric analysis | Diagnostic Test | IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL2), IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33 cytokine analysis of COvid-19 patients and healthy volunteers |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cytokine levels of patients | IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL2), IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33 levels | 1 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients who admitted to the emergency department with the complaint of respiratory failure, lymphopenia in blood tests and Covid 19 (+) in the PCR tests are case group.
Also healty volunteers who don't have complaint of respiratory failure, lymphopenia in blood tests and Covid 19 (-) in the PCR tests are control group.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ufuk Oguz Idiz, Assoc. Prof | Istanbul Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Training and Reseach Hospital | Istanbul | 34098 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28466096 | Background | Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol. 2017 Jul;39(5):529-539. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x. Epub 2017 May 2. | |
| 32592501 | Background | Hu B, Huang S, Yin L. The cytokine storm and COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021 Jan;93(1):250-256. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26232. Epub 2020 Sep 30. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| 32474885 | Background | Soy M, Keser G, Atagunduz P, Tabak F, Atagunduz I, Kayhan S. Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;39(7):2085-2094. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05190-5. Epub 2020 May 30. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |