A pilot study of children whose families are in a precarious situation, who will benefit from a targeted at-home intervention by a pediatric nurse. Visits will be organized during the first, fourth and sixth months after the discovery of diabetes. The HbA1C measured 12 months after the diabetes diagnosis will be compared to the HbA1C obtained in an historical cohort that did not receive at-home therapeutic education.

The EPICES score is an individual indicator of precariousness associated with indicators of access to health care and indicators of health. For this score, 30 is considered as the precariousness threshold. It is collected during the follow-up of our cohort of diabetic children and the data is obtained from the parent accompanying the child.

In 2016, we found in this cohort that a context of precariousness was associated with a very poor result of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (Lamaraud J et al., 2017). The imbalance of diabetes was detectable as early as one year after diagnosis and persisted despite additional educational interventions. Therapeutic education allows families in precarious situations to acquire, during the initial hospitalization, knowledge that meets the security objectives and is adapted to the care of their child. However, we have noticed that it can be difficult for some families to apply this knowledge when they are back in their home.

Thus, we are planning to set up a coordinated intervention by a pediatric nurse at the child's home to support the parents in the implementation of the theoretical knowledge acquired at the hospital.

Three home visits will be set up by a nurse during the first six months of the discovery of diabetes in the child. These visits will be organized during the first, fourth and sixth months after the discovery of diabetes and last about 2 hours each time. An additional visit may be set up according to the needs of families. The HbA1C measured 12 months after the diabetes diagnosis will be compared to the HbA1C obtained in an historical cohort that did not receive at-home therapeutic education.

For the prospective group (strategy under study):

• 1 to 16 years old
• Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D)
• EPICES score > 30 (if separated parents, highest score)
• Hospitalized at the discovery of T1D in the pediatric diabetology unit of Bordeaux University Hospital
• Parents affiliated to social security
• Living in Gironde
• Consent of the parents or the holders of parental authority for the participation of their child
• Assent of the child

For the retrospective group (classic strategy):

• 1 to 16 years old at diabetes diagnosis
• Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 1 January 2017 until the start of the study inclusion period
• EPICES score > 30 (if separated parents, highest score)
• Hospitalized to the discovery of T1D and followed by the pediatric diabetology unit of Bordeaux University Hospital
• Parents affiliated to social security
• Living in Gironde
• For patients who are minor at the time of the study: whose parents or holders of the parental authority have received an individual information and are not opposed to the use of their data (EPICES score and their child's clinical data).

For minors who became adults at the time of the study: having received individual information and are not opposed to the use of the data necessary for the study (EPICES score and their clinical data).

Exclusion criteria:

For the prospective group (strategy under study):

• Absence of the therapeutic education nurse during the child's hospitalization
• Child and/or family who do not speak French
• Family benefiting from the PASS
• Intention of leaving the Gironde department in the first six months of the study
• T1D with associated chronic pathological conditions other than hypothyroidism and celiac disease

For the retrospective group (classic strategy):

• Child and/or family who do not speak French
• Family benefiting from the PASS
• T1D with associated chronic pathological conditions other than hypothyroidism and celiac disease