Defined as the number of days of mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube during the PICU admission.

Defined as the number of days of PICU length of stay.

Defined as the number of days of Hospital length of stay.

Number of patients discharged from the hospital to a place other than home (rehabilitation facility).

• Frequency of thrombus and pressure sores occurred during intervention period
• Frequency of abnormal vital signs occurred during intervention period
• Frequency of any adverse events associated with intervention

The PRISM III score has 17 physiologic variables subdivided into 26 ranges. The variables most predictive of mortality were minimum systolic blood pressure, abnormal pupillary reflexes, and stupor/coma. Other risk factors, including two acute and two chronic diagnoses, and four additional risk factors, were used in the final predictors. The PRISM III score and the additional risk factors were applied to the first 24 hours of stay (PRISM III-24).

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or PedsQLTM is a series of assessment instruments designed to measure the health-related quality of life of children. The PedsQL 4.0 provides an opportunity for the assessment of both overall (generic) quality of life as well as disease-specific quality of life.

The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales are appropriate for assessing health-related quality of life in both healthy and chronically ill children. The four scales making up this generic battery include Physical Functioning (8 items), Emotional Functioning (5 items), Social Functioning (5 items), and School Functioning (5 items).

A 5-point response scale is utilized across child self-report and parent proxy-report (0 = never a problem; 1 = almost never a problem; 2 = sometimes a problem; 3 = often a problem; 4 =almost always a problem).

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a psychological inventory based on a 4-point Likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a self-report basis. The STAI measures two types of anxiety - state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic. Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. STAI-X consists of 20 items each for measuring state anxiety and trait anxiety. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale (1 = Not at all, 4 = Very much so), with scores ranging from 20 to 80.

At baseline, the interviewer assisted the child and family to identify occupational performance problems in the areas of self-care, productivity or leisure. Once they had identified these problems, they were written positively as goals, which participants and their parents then prioritised by importance on a scale from 1 to 10 (10 indicating greater importance). Scores out of 10 for self-perceived performance and satisfaction were then obtained from parent. The scores were summed and averaged over the number of priorities identified to produce two overall scores out of 10 for each participant: one for performance and one for satisfaction. At post-treatment and follow-up, participants were blinded to their previous ratings in order to limit potential bias. A 2 point change in score on the COPM is considered to be clinically meaningful.

Maximal isometric voluntary contraction will be measured with a MicroFET2 hand-held dynamometer (Hoggan Indiustries, Inc., West Jordan, UT, USA). Maximal isometric muscle strength from two different muscle groups (knee extensors and elbow flexors) will be measured. It will be performed twice for each motion, and the higher one is derived as the result. Higher values indicates higher strength.

The Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score is a simple and objective score that allows for calculation of both the number and the severity of organ dysfunction in six organ systems (respiratory, coagulatory, liver, cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic) and the score can measure individual or aggregate organ dysfunction. Daily pSOFA score is the sum of the 6 subscores and higher scores indicate a worse outcome. Score assesses 6 organ systems: respiratory, hematological, hepatic, cardiovascular, neurological and renal. A subscore of 0 (normal)-4(most abnormal) points.