The patients were allocated into the pre-pubertal group based on their skeletal stage of maturation using the modified cervical vertebrae maturation Staging (CVMS) with skeletal maturity stages of CVMS II and CVMS III

The patients were allocated into the post-pubertal group based on their skeletal stage of maturation using the modified cervical vertebrae maturation Staging (CVMS) with skeletal maturity stages of CVMS V and CVMS IV

The bottom line of the study is to investigate the changes after Herbst appliance treatment and relate it to the pubertal status of the skeletal class II patients using CBCT.

The DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files from the pre and post CBCT scans were imported to Mimics software (Version 10.1, Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium); and the cephalometric landmarks and planes were defined . Linear sagittal measurements of point A, point B, glenoid fossa, upper incisor, lower incisor, upper molars, and lower molars were recorded in relation to orbital perpendicular plane.

The Most middle-superior point of the mandibular condyle was determined in sagittal, axial and coronal views. In the sagittal slice of the middle condylar head, a line was drowned through the widest measurement of the condylar heads visible on the slice, from this line, three lines were raised crossing the glenoid fossa at 45°, 90°, and 135° . Four linear measurements representing the anterosuperior, superior, posterosuperior, and posterior distance were taken from the glenoid fossa wall to the surface of the condyle