This is a two-phase study designed to assess measures of feasibility, sustainability, acceptability, penetration, and fidelity before and after implementation of a rapid molecular HIV-1 viral load testing infrastructure at a level III health center in rural western Uganda.

The central hypothesis is that implementation of PoC HIV-1 testing without accompanying modifications to clinic triage and flow, laboratory processes, and existing protocols guiding adherence counseling and regimen change, will not result in significant improvement in clinical outcomes in PLWH.

This is a two-phase study designed to assess measures of feasibility, sustainability, acceptability, penetration, and fidelity before and after implementation of a rapid molecular HIV-1 viral load testing infrastructure at a level III health center in rural western Uganda.

In Phase 1, the study team will perform/record the following:

1. Administer a basic demographic and health questionnaire

2. Record routine clinical parameters during visit to include:

   1. Current ARV and prophylaxis regimen
   2. Last CD4 and VL, if available
   3. Clinical illness since last visit

3. Document the amount of time each patient spends in each phase of clinic (i.e. waiting room, provider, phlebotomy, waiting for results, adherence counseling).

4. Measure the number of participants requiring HIV-1 VL testing each clinic day, proportion electing to receive results by phone or at next visit.

5. Patients having blood drawn for HIV-1 VL testing will complete a semi-structured interview to explore perceptions of the current testing paradigm when results are received.

6. Provider and laboratory staff will complete a semi-structured interview to explore perceptions of the current testing paradigm with emphasis on workload

In Phase 2, the study team will perform/record the following:

1. Record routine clinical parameters during visit to include:

   1. Current ARV and prophylaxis regimen
   2. Last CD4 and VL, if available
   3. Clinical illness since last visit

2. Determine the amount of time each patient spends in each phase of clinic (i.e. waiting room, provider, phlebotomy, waiting for results, adherence counseling).

3. Measure the number of Xpert HIV-1 tests performed, the amount of time laboratory staff spends performing the tests and conducting maintenance, the number of tests failures and/or invalid tests, and equipment downtime related problems with software or power supply.

4. Measure the number of participants requiring HIV-1 VL testing each clinic day, proportion electing to receive results on same day, by phone, or next visit.

5. Patients having blood drawn for HIV-1 VL testing will complete a semi-structured interview to explore perceptions of the current testing paradigm when results are received.

6. Provider and laboratory staff will complete a semi-structured interview to explore perceptions of the current testing paradigm with emphasis on workload.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients aged 18 years or older receiving care at the Bugoye Health Center Antiretroviral therapy clinic

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients unwilling or unable to provide informed consent

Adult patients aged 18 years or older receiving care at the Bugoye Health Center Antiretroviral therapy clinic

Deidentified individual data that supports the results will be shared beginning 9 to 36 months following publication provided the investigator who proposes to use the data has approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), or Research Ethics Board (REB), as applicable, and executes a data use/sharing agreement with UNC.

Beginning 9 to 36 months following publication

An investigator who proposes to use the data has approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB), Independent Ethics Committee (IEC), or Research Ethics Board (REB), as applicable, and executes a data use/sharing agreement with UNC.