The investigators propose to compare recurrence-free survival in patients having potentially curative (Stages 1-3) surgery for esophageal cancer who will be randomly assigned to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia or sevoflurane-based balanced general anesthesia.

The investigators will test the primary hypothesis that recurrence-free survival after esophageal cancer surgery is longer in patients randomized to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia than to volatile sevoflurane anesthesia.

The investigators will test the secondary hypotheses that propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia: 1) speeds discharge from the ICU; 2) speeds discharge from the hospital; and, 3) improves the quality of recovery, as assessed by QoR-15 on postoperative day 2.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Primary esophageal cancer without known extension beyond the esophagus. (i.e. believed to be Tumor Stage 1-3).
• Scheduled for potentially curative esophageal cancer surgery.
• Written informed consent, including willingness to be randomized to intravenous versus volatile anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous surgery for esophageal cancer (except diagnostic biopsies) Age <18 or >85 years old.
• ASA Physical Status ≥4.
• Any contraindication to propofol or sevoflurane.
• Other cancer not believed by the attending surgeon to be in long-term remission.
• Systemic disease believed by the attending surgeon to present ≥25% two- year mortality.

Data will be shared collaboratively with appropriate approvals and contracts.

2 years after publication of the main paper.

Contact investigators.